Research

Objectives
and
Hypothesis
 What are Research Objectives?
These are statements of what the researcher intends
to do.
The objectives flow logically from the problem. The
y communicate what the researcher plans to do.
Research objectives are usually stated in declarati
ve form. And start with infinitives like: to determ
ine,, to find out, to describe, to compar
e, or to test.
Instead of stating objectives, some researchers ask
questions. It is usually introduced in a clause, such
as:
This study aims to answer the following question
s, or This study sought answers to the following
questions.
 Types of Objectives
There are two kinds of objectives:

1.Immediate / general objectives

It relates directly to the research problem and states
clearly what the researcher will do and expects to
find out.

2. Specific objectives
-In studies with a broader coverage in terms of
subjects and variables, statement of specific
objectives may be necessary.
-It may be viewed as sub-objectives or small particles
of the general objective.
 Tips in Formulating Research Objectives
1. Use simple language
2. Focus attention on the specific actions that
will be performed
3. State exactly, what will be done and what
variables will be measured
4. Write objectives in behavioral terms, to
determine, to determine and the
like.
 Hypotheses
Researchers make educated guesses to
tentatively answer the research questions and
these are called hypotheses.

HYPOTHESIS:
It is defined as an educated guess or
tentative answer to a question.
It is a statement about an expected
relationship between two or more variables.
It suggests the type of analysis that must
be done in order to measure the relationship.
 Functions of Hypothesis
1. A single hypothesis might state that an
independent variable is associated with a
dependent variable.
2. Sometimes a hypothesis specifies that,
under certain conditions, variable A is
associated or can influence variable B.
3. Some hypotheses may state that a
particular characteristic of a person or
object varies according to another
variable.
 Types of Hypotheses
Null Hypothesis vs. Alternative Hypothesis
A null hypothesis is a negative statement
which indicates the absence of a
relationship/correlation between two variable,
an absence of a significant difference.

An alternative hypothesis, also called a

research hypothesis is the positive form of
null hypothesis. It may state the presence of
a significant relationship between the
independent and dependent variables.
 Types of Hypotheses
2. Directional vs. Non-directional hypotheses
A directional hypothesis states
whether the relationship between two
variables is direct or inverse or positive or
negative.
A positive or direct relationship is present
when the value of one variable increases with
the increase in the value of another.
The relationship is negative when the
value of one variable increases as the value of
another decreases.
A non-directional hypothesis does
not specify the direction of
relationship between variables.
It merely states the presence or
absence of a relationship between
two variables or that one variable
influences another, or there is a
significant difference in the mean of
the two variables.
 How to Write Hypotheses
1. Hypothesis must be written in
simple understandable language
2. Hypotheses must focus on the
variables.
3. One must keep in mind the
distinction between independent
and dependent variables.