Aerobic and Anaerobic

Respirations
PbL Group - 5
 Cellular Respiration
Cellular respirationis the set of
themetabolicreactions and processes that
take place in thecellsoforganismsto
convert biochemical energyfrom nutrients
into ATP .
The two limiting factors in cellular
energy production are:
Availability of oxygen
Availability of appropriate fuel
 Here are two types of respiration

Aerobic Respiration

Anaerobic Respiration
 Aerobic Respiration

1. Glycolysis .

2. Oxidative decarboxylation of
pyruvate .

3. Citric acid cycle .

4. Oxidative phosphorylation .
 Glycolysis :-
This pathway does not require
oxygen .
It converts one molecule .
ofglucoseinto two molecules
ofpyruvate .
It can be expressed this way :-
Glucose+2NAD++2Pi+2ADP
2pyruvate+2NADH+2ATP+2H++2H2O
 Oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate

Biochemical
reaction that
usespyruvate to
formacetyl-CoA
releasingNADH,
andcarbon dioxide
viadecarboxylaton .
it forms an important link between
glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.
 Citric acid cycle
Krebs Cycle- a series of enzymatic
reactions in the inner membrane of
the mitochondria involving oxidative
metabolism of acetyl .
Oxidative phosphorylation
Electrontransport chain :-
A metabolic pathway that
generates ATP from ADP through phosp-
horylation that derives the energy from
the oxidation of nutrients.

It occurs across internal membrane of the

mitonchondrion .
During oxidative
phosphorylation,
electrons are transferred
from electron
donors to electron
acceptors such as oxygen.
These redox reactions
release energy, which is
used to form ATP .
The electron transport chain
The electron transport chain in the
mitochondrion is the site of oxidative
phosphorylation .
. This process is stepwise, efficient and
controlled.
The electron transport chain is formed of
Hydrogen and electron carriers.
Four membrane-bound enzyme
complexes .
It is formed from four complexs :-

1. Complex I (NADH dehydrogenase ) .

2. Complex II (succinate dehydrogenase ) .

3. ComplexIII (cytochrome bc1 complex) .

4. ComplexIV (cytochrome c oxidase ) .

5. complex V ( ATP synthesis ) .

 we can describe ETC as Stairs with
each step we get energy
 Anaerobic respiration
- Break down of food without oxygen .
- Fast produces 2 net ATP .
- Happens in cytoplasm .

Steps :-
- Gylcolysis .
-fermentation .
 Glycolysis
- breaking down the 6 moleculesof
glucose and produces pyruvate acid.
-Thisacid then ferments and produces
ATP, which is used by the cells for
producing energy .
- our muscles use anaerobic respiration
and produceslactic acid or alcohol +
Oxygen .
 Fermentation
1- Used by prokaryotes and protists
in low or no oxygen environments .
2- being with glycolysis ( same as
aerobic ) .
- form 2 pyruvate .
- yield 2 ATP .
3- steps that follow glycolysis serve
to regenerate NAD+ .
- No more ATP .
 Lactate fermentation
Used by :
- lactobacillus bacteria .
- Rabbits and other mammals for quick ATP .
Alcoholic fermentation
Used by yeasts :-
 Anaerobic Electron Transport
1- used be certain bacteria .

2- Electron transport system located in

bacterial plasma membrane .

3- final electron accepter is compound

from environment ( such as nitrate )
not oxygen .

4- ATP yield is low .

Differences between Aerobic
respiration and anaerobic
respiration
 Aerobic Anaerobic
Occurs Oxygen is present Oxygen is absent
when
Amount of 38ATP 2ATP
ATP Glucose (Broken down to) Energy
Glucose + Oxygen (ATP) + Ethanol + Carbon dioxide
Equation of Energy + (CO2)
energy Carbon dioxide +
production Water Glucose (Broken down to) Energy
(ATP) + Lactic acid
Products
formed at the CO2 and Water Ethanol (Alcohol) Yeast
end of the Lactic acid Muscles
processes
DONE BY :
Aya Eraky .
Mawadah Essam .
Fazida khushi .
Noridalis Maxtar .
Nuha Najwa .
Nor Haziqah .
Fatimah Al Hani .