Motivation is an important part of sustaining behavioral change. Change is more important when a person does it for intrinsic reasons (because He or She really wants to) rather than extrinsic reason (to gain rewards). Implementation intentions are the specific ways individuals plan to institute changes successfully.
Motivation is an important part of sustaining behavioral change. Change is more important when a person does it for intrinsic reasons (because He or She really wants to) rather than extrinsic reason (to gain rewards). Implementation intentions are the specific ways individuals plan to institute changes successfully.
Motivation is an important part of sustaining behavioral change. Change is more important when a person does it for intrinsic reasons (because He or She really wants to) rather than extrinsic reason (to gain rewards). Implementation intentions are the specific ways individuals plan to institute changes successfully.
behavioral change. Change is more important when a person does it for intrinsic reasons (because He or She really wants to) rather than extrinsic reason (to gain rewards). Implementation intentions are the specific ways individuals plan to institute changes successfully. The evolutionary Perspective Drive Reduction Theory And Homeostasis
Motivation is through the constructs of Drive and Need.
A Drive is an aroused that occurs because of the Physiological needs. A Need is a deprivation that energizes the drive to eliminate or reduce the deprivation. The Goal of drive reduction theory is homeostasis, the bodys tendency to maintain equilibrium, or steady state. Literally hundreds of biological states in our bodys must be maintained within the certain range: temperature, blood sugar level, potassium, and oxygenation, and so on. The Search for stimulation Humanistic Theory A persons capacity for personal growth, freedom to choose ones own destiny, and positive human quality. Cognitive Perspectives on motivation
Approach to personality emphasizing conscious
awareness, beliefs, expectation, and goals. Psychologists explore the persons ability to reason; to think about the past, present, and future; and to reflect on the self. For instance: Maslows approach Maslow called the humanistic movement the third force in psychology. Maslow developed the concept the concept of a hierarchy of needs, with self- actualization being the highest human need. Rogers Approach Each of us has a need for unconditional positive regard. As a result, the real self if not valued unless it meets the standards of other people. The self is the core of personality; it includes both the real and the ideal selves. Rogers said that we can help others develop a more positive self- concept by treating them with unconditional positive regard, empathy, and genuineness. Rogers also stressed that each of us has the innate inner capacity to become a fully functioning person. Hunger Sexuality Sex hormones and sexual motivation Sex Hormones are powerful chemicals that are controlled by the master gland in the brain, the pituitary. These are two main classes of sex hormones are estrogens and androgens. Estrogens, the class of sex hormones that predominate in Females, are produced mainly by the ovaries. Androgens, the class of sex hormones that predominate in males, are by the tastes in males and by the adrenal glands in both males and females. Testosterone is an androgen. Estrogens and androgens can influence sexual motivation in both sexes. Sexual motivation is influenced by sexual Script. Stereotyped patterns of expectancies for how people should behave sexuality. we carry these script with us in our memories. Two well-known sexual scripts are the traditional religious script and the romantic script. In Religious script ----sex is accepted only within marriage. In Romantic script -----sex is equated with love. Sexual response and Sexual Behavior
Sexual response consists of four phases: Excitement
phase, Plateau phase, Organism phase, and resolution as identified by; Masters and Johnson. Excitement phase The excitement phase begins erotic responsiveness; it lasts from several minutes to several hours, depending on the nature of play involved. -Engorgement of blood vessels and increased blood flow in genital areas and muscle tension characterize the excitement phase. - The most obvious signs of response in this phase are lubrication of the vagina and partial erection of the penis. plateau phase The second phase of the human sexual response, the plateau phase, is a continuation and heightening of the arousal begun in the excitement phase. the increases in breathing, pulse rate, and blood pressure that occurred during the excitement phase become more intense, penile erection and vaginal lubrication are more complete, and orgasm is closer. Orgasm phase The third phase of human sexual response cycle is orgasm. How long does orgasm last? Some individual sense that time is standing still when it takes place, but orgasm last for only about 3 to 15 seconds. Orgasm involves an explosive discharge of neuromuscular tension and intense pleasurable feeling. However, orgasms are not all alike. For example;
Females show three different pattern in the orgasm
phase: multiple orgasms; no orgasm excitement rapidly leading to orgasm, by passing the plateau phase(this pattern most clearly corresponds to a male pattern in intensity and resolution) Resolution phase The individual enters the resolution phase, in which blood vessels return to their normal state. One difference between males and females in this phase is that females may stimulated to orgasm again without delay. Males enter a refractory period, lasting anywhere from a several minutes to a day, in which they cannot have another orgasm. The length of the refractory period increase as men age. Sexual Behavior Sexual Behavior Sexual Behavior Sexual behaviors that are persistently intrusive, coercive, developmentally abnormal, or abusive are associated with numerous situational and familial factors, including sexual abuse, physical abuse, and neglect. Sexual abuse is a common, but not exclusive, experience among children with sexual behavior problems. Sexual Behavior Sexual Orientation Sexual Orientation
a person's sexual identity in relation to the gender to
which they are attracted; the fact of being heterosexual, homosexual, or bisexual. Achievements Motivation Needs for Achievements
Intrinsic motivation is based on (internal) factor such as organism
needs(autonomy, competence, and relatedness), as well as curiosity, challenge, and effort. When we are intrinsically motivated, we engage in a behavior because we enjoy it.. ,e.g.. Some students study hard because they are internally motivated to put forth considerable effort and achieve high quality in their work. Extrinsic motivation
Extrinsic motivation involves (external) incentives such as rewards and
punishments. When we are extrinsically motivated, we engage in a behavior for some external pay-off.. ,e. g.. Other students study hard because they want to make a good grades or avoid parental disapproval. Emotion