COMBUSTION

COMBUSTION

IT IS A CHEMICAL
PROCESS,
AN EXOTHERMIC
REACTION,
FROM HERE
WE GET
ENERGY
IN THE FORM OF
HEAT
TYPES OF COMBUSTION

RAPID COMBUSTION

SLOW COMBUSTION

COMPLITE COMBUSTION

INCOMPLITE COMBUSTION

TURBULENT CMBUSTION

SMOULDERING COMBUSTON
 THE INTENSITY OF COMBUSTION

IT IS CHARACTERISED BY RATE
OF REACTION

RATE OF REACTION =
f(Temperature, Activation energy,
Concentration of combustible matter)

RATE OF REACTION=
- g
s t
EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON
RATE OF REACTION

TEMP
 EFFECT OF
ACTIVATION ENERGY
RATE OF REACTION

Activation energy
 EFFECT OF CONCENTRATION OF
REAGENTS

CONCENTRATION
LIMITS BEYOND WHICH REACTION IS NOT POSSIBLE
 8000c

6000c
Evaporation of residual moisture
& volatiles
Volatile ignited

Time
Low volatile & coke particle
as additional source
(1-2.5sec)
Final stage
Mechanism For Solid Fuel combustion
 COAL

CARBON HYDROGEN SULPHUR O2,N2,

(30-75%) (2-4%) (0.2-0.5%) VOLATILE MATTER
33.94MJ/KG 120.5MJ/KG 9.3MJ/KG
AIR OVEN
MUFFLE FURNACE
BOMB CALORIMETER
1. CARBON:-
C + O2 = CO2

12 32 44
Required O2 = 8C/3 , Produced CO2 = 11C/3
1. Hydrogen:-
2H2 + O2 = 2H2O
4 32 36
Required O2=8H , Produced H2O=9H
Sulphur:-
S + O2 = SO2

32 32 32
Required O2=S Produced SO2=S
TOTAL REQUIRED AIR(A)
=4.31(8C/3+8H+S-O)grams/gram fuel
[1grm o present in 4.31grms of air]
[O = present o in fuel]
DETERMINATION OF PRODUCTS
OF COMBUSTION

CO2=[B]=(11C/3)/44 kg/mol

H2O=[D]=(9H+H1)/18 kg/mol
{H1=H2O PRESENT IN FUEL(15%)}

N2=[E]=(0.77A+N1)/28 kg/mol
{N1=N2 PRESENT IN FUEL(1%)}

EXCESS AIR=F=A-(8C/3+8H+S-O)
O2=G=(F X 0.23)/32 kg/mol

VOLUME OF FLUE GAS AT NTP

=(B+D+E+G)X22.4 Liters/kg
 15%UNBURNT
GAS LOSS

75%CV
LIBERATED CO2
IN FURNACE
O2
Zone of fuel N2
After burning H2O
CO
Flame core
CH4
zone
10%
UNBURNT
CARBON
IN ASH

NO EXCESS AIR
INCOMPLETE COMBUSTION
 1%UNBURNT
GAS LOSS

97%CV
LIBERATED CO2
IN FURNACE
O2
N2
H2O
CO

2%
UNBURNT
CARBON
IN ASH

15%EXCESS AIR
LESS INCOMPLETE COMBUSTION
 ZERO UNBURNT
GAS LOSS

99.5%CV
LIBERATED CO2
IN FURNACE
O2
N2
H2O

0.5%
UNBURNT
CARBON
IN ASH

100%EXCESS AIR
COMPLETE COMBUSTION
HEAT LOSS DUE TO UNBURNT GAS

40

30

20

10

0
0 20 40 40 60 80 100
PERCENTAGE OF EXCESS AIR
HEAT LOSS DUE TO DRY FLUE GAS

30

20

10

05

0
0 20 40 40 60 80 100
PERCENTAGE OF EXCESS AIR
HEAT LOSS DUE TO COMBUSTIBLE IN ASH

40

30

20

10

0
0 20 40 40 60 80 100
PERCENTAGE OF EXCESS AIR
COMBIND HEAT LOSS INFLUENCED BY EXCESS AIR

30
PERCENTAGE OF HEAT LOSS

20

10

05 EXCESS AIR FOR MINIMUM LOSS

0
0 20 40 40 60 80 100
PERCENTAGE OF EXCESS AIR
Complete Combustion
Incomplete Combustion
 HORIZONTAL FIRING
WITH TURBULENT BURNER

VERTICAL FIRING
 CORNER FIRED SYSTEM

T,T,T

+300

-300

SIDE ELEVATION CORNER FIREING(PLAN)