Body works

1. Designing
2. Analysis
3. Manufacturing
aerodynamic designing & analysis
Virtually (computer base)
Dynamically (experimental base)
 Virtually (computer base)

Reduced lead of time

Costs of designs
Perform impossible things
Study hazardous condition
Unlimited level of detail results
 Virtual designing & analysis
CFD (computational fluid dynamics)
What is CFD & why to study?
Analysis of system involving fluid flow, heat
transfer , associated phenomena, chemical
reaction etc .
Technique is very powerful
spans a wide range
Industrial & non-industrial
 application
Aircrafts and automobiles
Ships
Power plants
Turbo machinery
Electrical and electronic
Chemical process
External and internal environment of building
Marine engineering
Environmental
Oceanography
Meteorology
biomedical
 Dynamically (experimental base)

Very costly
Difficult to perform
Take time
Results are confined according to setup
Large setup is required for analysis.
 Affect of aerodynamic on cars

Boost Fuel Economy

Increased Traction On The Wheels
Improve The Cars Performance
Reduce Wear On The Brakes
Provide looks
 race car manufacturing

Glass Fiber
Kevlar
Aluminum
Carbon Fiber
Glass Fiber
Application
 Types of glass fiber

A-glass (alkali glass)

good chemical resistance, but lower electrical properties
C-glass (chemical glass)
very high chemical resistance.
E-glass (electrical glass)
excellent insulator and resists attacks from water.
S-Glass (structural glass)
mechanical properties.
D-glass (dielectric glass)
best electrical properties but lacks in mechanical properties
when compared to E and S glass
 Cars use glass fiber
Porsche 904 Carrera GTS
BMW i3 pioneers(electric car)
Mazda Rx8 invader
Mitsubishi Eclipse
Honda
DC Avanti
Nissan
Mazda Rx8 Razor
Kevlar
Application
 Types of kevlar
Kevlar K-29
manufacture of body armor , protection from high temperatures
Kevlar K49
specialist boat hulls and in the aerospace industry
Kevlar K100
colored version of Kevlar
Kevlar K119
higher-elongation, flexible and more fatigue resistant.
Kevlar K129
higher tenacity for ballistic applications.
Kevlar AP
has 15% higher tensile strength than K-29.
Kevlar XP
lighter weight resin and KM2 plus fiber combination.
Kevlar KM2
enhanced ballistic resistance for armor applications
 Demerits
tension force but bad in compression force
I difficult to cut and shape
Kevlar reacts badly to UV light
Kevlar suffers some corrosion if exposed to
chlorine.
ALUMINIUM
AS A BODY FRAME
 ALUMINIUM ADVANTAGES OVER
STEEL
Light Weighting
Less Polluting
More Efficient
Fuel Increase Efficiency
Maximize Interior Space
Corrosion Resistance
Reduce the Consumption of Power
Dynamics
Handling
Easily recycled
 ALUMINIUM ADVANTAGES OVER
CARBON FIBER
Economic
Body is designed faster
Energy Required is less
Easily Too Repair or Replaced
Heat issues
UV damaged
Easily recycled
 PARTS MADE BY ALUMINIUM

Suspension
Chassis
Cylinder blocks
CARBON FIBER
Applications
 PROPERTIES
Contains two parts-
1)Resin or Matrix.
2)Reinforcement
Reinforcement is carbon fiber which
provides strength.
Matrix is usually a polymer resin ,
such as epoxy , used for binding.
The resin used is : polyester , vinyl ester or
nylon.
 It has directional strength
properties.
Properties varies according to the
carbon fiber and the resin
proportion.
There is a design limitation of
CFRP is its lack of fatigue
endurance limit .i.e. stress cycle
failure cannot be ruled out.
 Molding types
Vacuum Bagging
Filament Winding
 Types of Carbon
fibers
Two types by Raw Material-

PAN Type Carbon Fiber

high tensile strength and high elastic modulus, extensively applied for structural
material composites in aerospace and industrial field and sporting / recreational goods.

Pitch Type Carbon Fiber

Another type of the fiber, produced by carbonization of oil/coal pitch precursor,
having extensive properties from low elastic modulus to ultra high elastic modulus.
Fibers with ultra high elastic modulus are extensively adopted in high stiffness
components and various uses as utilizing high thermal conductivity and / or
electric conductivity.
 Latest Users:-

BMW
Aston Martin
Volkswagen
Chrysler