System Optimisation Group

China GSM Core Engineering

August 11, 2000

Jim Luan, Lin Mubao

 System Optimisation Group
China GSM Core Engineering

Drive Test Procedure

Preparation
Drive Test
FICS
Netplan VOT/GEP
Statistics Analysis
Problem Finding
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 System Optimisation Group
China GSM Core Engineering

Preparation (1)
Definition File
Without it, it is impossible to observe overshooing neighbors
GenDef7.exe can convert FP to definition file

Neighbor list
Neighbor list with without definition
definition file file

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 System Optimisation Group
China GSM Core Engineering

Preparation (2)
Frequency Plan & Configuration map
Software:TEMS, FICS, GEP, VOT
Hardware: TEMS, GPS, Portable PC
Test Problem Sheet
Route
Map

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 System Optimisation Group
China GSM Core Engineering

Drive Test
For Benchmark
2 minutes per call
10 15 minutes a log files
Force to appropriate band (GSM only, DCS
only or Dual)
For Special Problem
Planning route
No limitation

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TEMS Introduction
Interface
Functions

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Log File Process

TEMS Log File
FICS
.FMT .CSV .STA
Excel VB
.NP/.TXT Much shorter
cycle time by VOT
NetPlan and GEP.

Route Map VOT/GEP

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TEMS .log file Analysis

Below lists common problems which can be observed from Drive Test Log.
Undecoded BCCH Poor Coverage
BSIC Undecode in Other Site Unreasonable Serving Area
No Handover Interference
Delay Handover Handover Failure
Ping Pong Handover Handover Loss
Negative Handover UL Drop
Overshooting Drop Call
High Overlapping Sudden Power Drop
No Dominant Server MS Power Rapid Increase
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 System Optimisation Group
China GSM Core Engineering

Undecoded BCCH (1)

Description:
BSICs cant be decoded in 5s
Usually consider 3 strongest neighbors
Reason:
GCLK shift, only decode same site BSICs
Channel interference
Non-BCCH carrier, no dedicated spectrum for
BCCH

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 System Optimisation Group
China GSM Core Engineering

Undecoded BCCH (2)

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China GSM Core Engineering

BSIC Undecode in Other Site

Description:
BSIC in same site can be decoded but not for
other sites
Handover can only happen in intra-site basis
It is similar to former Undecoded BCCH case
Reason:
GCLK shift
GCLK recalibration is required
No one monitors OMC-R alarms

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 System Optimisation Group
China GSM Core Engineering

No Handover (1)
Description:
Neighbor BSIC is decoded and COMMON handover requirement is
fulfilled but there is never a handover
Reason:
Missing neighbor
No such neighbor in CM database
Incorrect external neighbor
Target cells LAC/BCCH/BSIC in add_neighbor is different from those in
equip_rtf
Engineer modifies external neighbor at MMI, not through GUI
Never use OMC-R Proxy Cell to propagate external neighbor information
N < hreqt. Great HO_MARGIN. Improper algorithm 1-7 setting
Missing_rpt =1
Serving cell overshoots/covers too far away
Refer to GSM BSS Statistics Analysis Handbook
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China GSM Core Engineering

No Handover (2)

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Delay Handover (1)

Description:
Neighbor BSIC is decoded but handover occurs in
much later time
Reason:
All possible neighbors suffer blocking
Large hreqt * hreqave
qual_power_flag is enabled, full BTS/MS power must
be reached before handover
Large handover_recognized_period and bssmap_t7
setting
Refer to GSM BSS Statistics Analysis Handbook

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 System Optimisation Group
China GSM Core Engineering

Delay Handover (2)

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China GSM Core Engineering

Ping Pong Handover (1)

Description:
Lot of handovers between cells
Time between Handover is around hreqt*hreqave of
such HO cause
Reason:
Improper hardware calibration
Hardware fault
UL/DL interference
Negative handover
Different coverage footprint for antennas of a cell

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 System Optimisation Group
China GSM Core Engineering

Ping Pong Handover (2)

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Negative Handover (1)

Description:
Serving cell hands over to a weaker neighbor
Reason:
ho_only_max_power is enabled
qual_margin_flag is disabled
ho_margin_usage_flag is enabled with negative
ho_margin_rxqual/rxlev
Negative HO_MARGIN
Micro-cellular algorithms are enabled, especially type 5

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 System Optimisation Group
China GSM Core Engineering

Negative Handover (2)

-59dBm -66dBm
before after
HO HO

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China GSM Core Engineering

OverShooting (1)
Description:
Cell shoots at far distance but that location has
closer cells around
Reason:
Overshooting cell has small downtilt, 0 degree!
Overshooting cell has too high altitude
Closer cells have overshooting as well
BSIC of closer cells cant be decoded

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 System Optimisation Group
China GSM Core Engineering

OverShooting (2)

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High Overlapping (1)

Description:
Cells have major rxlevel difference within
5dB
Reason:
Overshooting
Too many cells in that area
Poor antenna downtilt

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 System Optimisation Group
China GSM Core Engineering

High Overlapping (2)

-65dBm
-65dBm
Over Lapping Area

-65dBm

-65dBm
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No Dominant Server (1)

Description:
Rxlevel of best neighbors are close to that of
serving cell
Reason:
Poor antenna downtilt
Lack of near-by site

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 System Optimisation Group
China GSM Core Engineering

No Dominant Server (2)

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 System Optimisation Group
China GSM Core Engineering

Poor Coverage (1)

Description:
Low rxlevel with rxquality
In rural area, rxlevel is less than 15 (-95dBm)
In city center, rxlevel is less than 35 (-85dBm)
Different location has different threshold, noise level is the key
point
Reason:
Lack of cell site
BSIC of dominant server cant be decoded
Dominant server has blocking or cell-bar
Handover problem. E.g. missing & incorrect neighbor, negative
handover, no & delay handover

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China GSM Core Engineering

Poor Coverage (2)

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Unreasonable Serving Area (1)

Description:
Coverage area of the cell is incoherent to the
antenna direction
Reason:
Wrong cable connection to antennas
Incorrect record of antenna orientation
Incorrect ANTENNA_SELECT

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China GSM Core Engineering

Unreasonable Serving Area (2)

Cell ID:101
BCCH: 35

Cell ID:102 Cell ID:103

BCCH: 40 BCCH: 45

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Interference (1)
Description:
High rxlevel with rxquality
Reason:
Channel interference
Not using dominant server
No handover
Turn the corner with delay handover

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 System Optimisation Group
China GSM Core Engineering

Interference (2)

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Handover Failure (1)

Description:
MS fails to reach target cell, so return to source cell
MS sends HO FAILURE and UL-SABM to source cell
and there is response
Reason:
Channel interference
Poor coverage
External interference at UL, like wideband repeator
Refer to GSM BSS Statistics Analysis Handbook

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 System Optimisation Group
China GSM Core Engineering

Handover Failure (2)

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China GSM Core Engineering

Handover Loss (1)

Description:
MS fails to reach target cell, but cant return to source
cell
MS sends HO FAILURE and UL-SABM to source cell
but no response
Reason:
Channel interference
Poor coverage
External interference at UL, like wideband repeator
Refer to GSM BSS Statistics Analysis Handbook

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 System Optimisation Group
China GSM Core Engineering

Handover Loss (2)

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China GSM Core Engineering

UL Drop (1)
Description:
BSS doesnt receive UL SACCH for link_fail times
BSS stops transmitting DL power
Reason:
External interference
Channel interference
Faulty ancillary. UL path loss >>> DL path loss
Refer to GSM BSS Statistics Analysis Handbook

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 System Optimisation Group
China GSM Core Engineering

UL Drop (2)

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Drop Call (1)

Description:
DL case: Radio_link_timeout counter decreases to 0
UL case: link_fail counter decreases to 0
Layer 2: BSS/MS send SABM/DISC in every T200 for
N200+1 times, and no response from recipient
Reason:
All cases in this presentation
Refer to GSM BSS Statistics Analysis Handbook

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 System Optimisation Group
China GSM Core Engineering

Drop Call (2)

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Sudden Power Drop (1)

Description:
Dedicated ARFCN has significant non-power control
rxlevel difference from rxlevel of BCCH
Reason:
No/improper TX power calibration
Faulty ancillary. E.g. combiner, filter..
Different cable lengths from BTS to antennas
Due to air combing, so antennas have different
coverage footprints

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 System Optimisation Group
China GSM Core Engineering

Sudden Power Drop (2)

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MS Power Rapid Increase (1)

Description:
MS rapidly increases its TX power due to
Optimised Power Control or
UL SACCH multiframes arent received for link_fail -
link_about_to_fail times
Reason:
Sudden UL interference, e.g. wideband repeator,
channel interference
Too much rapid power down
l_rxlev_ul_p is too small
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China GSM Core Engineering

MS Power Rapid Increase (2)

UL power rapid
increase from 19 to
5 suddenly

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 System Optimisation Group
China GSM Core Engineering

How GEP Help?

Help to identify below problem in VISUAL basis
Co-channel interference
Adjacent-Channel interference
Mutual neighbor
Missing neighbor
Unreasonable neighbor
Incorrect external neighbor

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China GSM Core Engineering

How VOT Help?

Help to identify below problem in VISUAL basis
Ping pong HO
Overshooting
No dominant server
Poor coverage
Unreasonable serving area
Interference
HO failure
HO loss
Drop call

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 System Optimisation Group
China GSM Core Engineering

How CM Extractor Help?

Extract most BSS parameter for reference
Cell e.g. hreqave,hreqt,N,P
BTS e.g. antenna_select
RTF check any incorrect external neighbor
Neighbor e.g. ho_margin, delay_timer

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 System Optimisation Group
China GSM Core Engineering

How NPM Help?

Provide cell statistics for VOT display
Provide BSS and system level 23 key statistics
Provide detail troubleshooting statistics

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