What is a Conjunction?

Although only though

Part of speech
It is a joiner because as unless
Connects or conjoins: if for whereas
Words nor neither yet
Phrases or either while
Clauses and provided whether
Sentences but that
before since
 Coordinating conjunctions
The English language has seven coordinating conjunctions,
and theyre easy to remember if you can just remember
FANBOYS: (For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So)

Examples:
Coordinating conjunctions A strong but warm breeze blew across
must connect the same the desert.
parts of speech, two or (two adjectives: STRONG and WARM)
more nouns, pronouns,
verbs, adjectives, Please print or type the information on
prepositions, phrases,
the application form.
conjunctions, or clauses.
(two verbs: PRINT and TYPE)
 For
Explains reason or
purpose And :
(just like because) Adds one thing to another

e.g.
I go to the park every
e.g. Sunday to watch the
I go to the park every ducks on the lake and the
shirtless men playing
Sunday, for I love to watch soccer.
the ducks on the lake.
 Nor : But :
Used to present an Shows contrast
alternative negative idea to an
already stated negative idea.
Example:
The soccer in the
Example: park is entertaining
I dont go for the fresh air nor
in the winter, but its
really for the ducks. Honestly, I
better in the heat of
just like the soccer. summer.
 Or : Yet :
Introduces a contrasting
Presents an idea that follows the
alternative or a preceding idea logically
(similar to but)
choice
Example:
Example: I always take a book
The men play on to read, yet I never
seem to turn a single
teams: shirts or skins. page.
 So :
Indicates effect, result or
consequence

Example:
Ive started dating one of the soccer
players, so now I have an excuse to
watch the game each week.
Punctuate coordinating conjunctions
correctly.
Three patterns in writing use coordinating conjunctions. Add
commas when required.

Pattern 1: CONNECTING TWO MAIN CLAUSES

When you connect two main clauses with coordinating conjunctions,

use a comma.

Main clause+,+coordinating conjunction+main clause

 Example:

While I am at work, my dog Floyd sleeps on the bed,

and my cat Buster naps in the bathtub.
 Pattern 2: Connecting two items
You can also use a coordinating conjunction to connect any two
items.These items can be any grammatical unit except main clauses.

Examples:
My dog Floyd has too many fleas and too much hair.
My cat Buster has beautiful blue eyes but a destructive personality.
 Pattern 3: Connecting three or more items in a
series.

When you have three or more items in a series, you generally use
a comma before the coordinating conjunction.

Item + , + item + , + Coordinating conjunction + item

 Example:

Swatting olives off the kitchen counter, dragging toilet paper

streamers through the house, and terrorizing Jacques
Cousteau, the parakeet, have consumed another of Busters
days.
 What are correlative conjunctions?

They are the conjunctions that are combined with other words.

They are always in pairs.

Join words that are of equal importance in a particular sentence.

 Rules that must be followed while making
use of any of the correlative conjunctions in
sentences:
Examples:
1. To connect nouns: Both flowers and trees are seen growing
colorfully during the summer.
Summer camp is offering not only riding
but also trekking instructions.

2. To connect adjectives: Special schools are not easy but difficult.

Kids are seen enjoying both dry and wet
sports.
 Examples:

3. To connect I'll take my vacation either in the month of July or in

prepositional September.
phrases:
Most of the students are neither above nor below the academic
standards of the nation.

Not only do students enjoy sports, but they also enjoy studies.
4. To connect
independent Whether the members of the board are happy or they are sad,
clauses: they all have to be dedicated to the company's agenda.
 Correlative conjunctions most commonly used:

I want either the cheesecake or the frozen hot chocolate.

1. Either/or: To convey a choice
or possibilities. Either Samuel or Chris must have done this mischief

2. Neither/nor: To negate two Jim is neither particularly stupid nor extremely smart.
different choices. Neither Batman, nor Superman can save Gotham.

3. Not only/but also: To

combine sentences that are
demonstrating two choices
that are contradictorily
typical.
His new car is not only super fast but also very luxurious.
It snowed not only in Seattle, but also in neighboring cities
Matt lied not once but twice to the judge.

4. Just as/so: For explaining a
relation or similarity between
two subjects.
5, Whether/or:To show two
different options within a
sentence.
6. Both/and: For combining two
elements words or phrases of
exactly the same importance
in a sentence.
Just as my mom loves cooking, so do I.
Just as the Brazilians love soccer, so the Indians
love cricket.
"Whether you like her or not isn't the problem," I
said.
Andrew wasnt sure whether to go on holiday or
stay at home.
Both Maria and Jack are going to the library.
Adrian enjoyed both the movie and the popcorn.
 Examples:
Other correlative conjunctions :
As.as Such.that There are as many curtains as there are
windows.
So.as As many.as
A fox cant run so fast as a leopard.

No sooner.than Scarcely.when No sooner had she finished one project than

she started working on the next.
The more.the more Rather.than
Hed rather play the drums than sing.

The more.the less

She is not only a radio jockey but she is also
practicing to become a surgeon.
What are superlative conjunctions?
It provides a necessary transition between the two ideas in
the sentence.
This transition will indicate a time, place, or cause and
effect relationship.
Examples:
My cat gets nothing done when se sleeps all day
When my cat sleeps all day, she gets nothing done

When a sentence has a sobordinating conjuction in the middle, no comma is

needed.

If it begins the sentence, a comma must go between the two complete

sentences
Subordinating Conjunctions introduce adverbs clauses and
signals the relationship between the adverb clause and
another clause, usually an independent clause.
The following is a list of the most common subordinating conjunctions.

till ( or 'til) after as though In as mush as

unless although because In order that
until as before Now that
when as if even if
whenever as long as even
where as much as though
wherever as soon as
while
 Till sickness comes health, is not valued
Health is not valued till sickness comes
Unless youre willing to wait, youll have to come back tomorrow
You will have to come back tomorrow unless youre willing to wait
Until we find it, we cant leave.
We cant leave until we find it
When were done, lets get some ice cream.
Lets get some ice cream when were done
Whenever I go, I try to see something Ive never seen before
I try to see something Ive never seen before Whenever I go
Where I go, they always have sales.
They always have sales where I go
Wherever I go, I try to enjoy myself.
I try to enjoy myself wherever I go
While Im there, I play music on a jukebox
I play music on a jukebox While Im there
 After dinner, well go see a movie
well go see a movie after dinner
Although Id rather not, Ill make an exception
Ill make an exception Although Id rather not
As you know, shes beautiful
Shes beautiful as you know
As if he understood, Bob nodded
Bob nodded as if he understood
As long as your parents permit you, you can join the excursion
You can join the excursion as long as your parents permit you.
As much as I am afraid of spiders, I love nature
I love nature as much as I am afraid of spiders
As soon as I arrive, I will call ya
I will call ya as soon as I arrive.
 As though it looks like, you have not met before
It looks as though youve not met before.
Because I didnt do my homework early, im sleppy
Im sleepy because I didnt do my homework early
Before I went to school, I had a little breakfast
I had a little breakfast before I went to school
Even if you fall on your race, you are still moving forward
You are still moving forward even if you fall on your race
Even thought its raining, im going to the park
I'm going to the park even though it's raining.
 In as much as you are their commanding officer, you are responsible for the behavior of
these men.
You are responsible for the behavior of these men In as much as you
are their commanding officer
In order to succeed, first you have to go through a lot of failure.
first you have to go through a lot of failure, In order to succeed
Now that he's retired, my dad can spend a lot more time working on his garden.
My dad can spend a lot more time working on his garden, Now that he's retired
Conjunctive Adverbs
Connect two independent clauses, and explain how they are related
by cause-and-effect, contrast, comparison, or other relationships.
They can also be considered both conjunctions and adverbs because
they modify the second clause and connect it to the first.

*Also *Still *Next

*However *Besides *Therefore
*Moreover *Indeed *Finally
*Similarly *Nevertheless *Likewise
*Anyway *Then *Now
*Incidentally *Certainly *Thus
*Namely *Instead *Furthermore
*Otherwise *Undoubtedly *Meanwhile
 Conjunctive adverbs can be placed in one of three places in
the sentence:
*at the beginning, followed by a comma.
*in the middle, generally after the subject, between
commas.
*at the end, preceded by a comma.

Independent clauses must be joined by a semicolon or a

period, followed by the conjunctive adverb, and a comma.

Example:
They bought a new car. However, it was still too small for their family.

They bought a new car; it was, however, still too small for their family.

They bought a new car; it was still too small for their family, however.
 Addition Contrast Time Cause-and-effect

Again Anyway Meanwhile Accordingly

Also However Next Consequently
Besides Instead Then Hence
Finally Nevertheless Now Henceforth
Furthermore Otherwise Thereafter Therefore
Moreover Contrarily Thus
In addition Conversely Incidentally
Nonetheless Subsequently
On the other hand

Comparison To show an To return to the To recognize a

specific case point different point of
Likewise view
Similarly Namely Still
Specifcally Nevertheless Undoubtedly
Certainly
Reinforcement

Indeed
In fact
However, Nevertheless. Used to express contrast.

Placement:
*at the beginning of the sentence, and followed by a comma.
Hes been doing exercise. However, he is not tired.
I was really sad because I broke up. Nevertheless, I held back my tears.

*in the middle of the sentence, separated by a semicolon and followed

by a comma.
I studied hard; however, I failed my test.

*at the end of the sentence.

I studied hard for my test. I failed, however.
Besides. It is informal and used when the sentence gives reasons or
explanations.
The hurricane left many people dead; besides, material damages.

Moreover. Used in formal contexts to continue giving information,

when the next idea contain more relevant information than the already
given.
Sarah works very hard; moreover, she does a very good job.

Furthermore. Used in formal contexts and in literature.

He is perfect for the job; furthermore, he is the only applicant.
Also. Used in positive sentences to add an agreeing thought.

Placement:
*after the verb to be in the sentence.
I am also sick because of the weather.

*before the main verb in the sentence.

The teacher also told us to pay attention.

*after the auxiliary verb, but before the main verb.

I have also been to Barcelona.

*after the modal verb.

My friend can also speak French.