UNDERGROUND

SURVEY
Roll No. -: 47,31,15
 Overview

Underground surveying is quite

different from surveying on the
surface. In tunnelling or mining
operations it may be hot, wet,
dark, cramped, dusty, dirty and
dangerous, and usually most of
these
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 In an underground transport system, for instance,
the tunnels are driven to connect inclined or vertical
shafts (points of surface entry to the transport
system) whose relative locations are established by
surface surveys. Thus the underground control
networks must be connected and orientated into the
same coordinate system as the surface networks. To
do this, one must obtain the coordinates of at least
one underground control station and the bearing of
at least one line of the underground network,
relative to the surface network.
Automated System for Continuous Monitoring of Powered Roof Support in
Longwall Panel

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Development of 200T Self Advancing Goaf Edge Supports

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Rock Excavation and Underground Space Technology Laboratory
High Speed Video Camera

JKSIM Blast/FRAGBLAST Software (Wipfrag)

Cerchar Hardness and Abrasivity Apparatus : Unique in the Country

Blast Vibration Recorders And Sophisticated Chip Based Micro

Seismographs,

VOD Probe

Burden Ace

Micro-hardness Tester

Trinocular Polarising Microscope

Near-field Acceleration Measuring Set-up(500,50,5 g)

Brittleness Index Test Apparatus : Unique in the Country

Multi-Channel Subsurface Exploration Seismographs (Geode)

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Cerchar Hardness Apparatus

By-:Sanjeet Kumar
Underground Surveying Equipment
and Monitoring Systems

Surveying interface system

Leica fieldPro is a remarkable surveying
interface that combines AutoCADs 3D CAD
 3D mine design and data measurement software
Leica fieldPro is the latest integration of mining
technology offering immediate return on investment.
It has the following features:
Face mapping can be easily be done by one person
Data is more accurate
Capture and layout of grade lines
Section and face profile viewing
Mine surveys are updated daily
Less rework (benching / slashing)
 Leica GeoMoS software provides a highly
flexible automatic deformation monitoring
system.

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Breathing Simulator
Views of the laboratory wind-tunnel set up
By-:Sanjeet Kumar
 By-:Sanjeet Kumar

Static pressure contours surrounding an aerofoil section

Mine Survey and Geomatics Laboratory
Electronic Total Station.

Laser Eyepiece, for correlation survey.

Micro-optic Theodolites, precise levels and other instruments

Global Positioning System (GPS) single frequency.

Mine Surveying Computation Laboratory

Digitizer And Plotter for plotting of survey plans.

SURPAC for mine volumetrics; SKIPRO for processing GPS data

LISCAD software for processing field surveying data and plotting

GIS Software, for storing and processing the information from mine plans and for updating
them with the latest information.

ERDAS Software for remote sensing and image processing

State of the art surveying instruments
Laser Gyro Correlation for deep mines

CEMT, ISM, Dhanbad, India 18

 Challenges ahead in Mining sector..

Augmentation of production from existing underground mines and projects

Development of a few high capacity underground mines

Improving safety and Productivity in mines

 Common survey activity in UG are:
1.1. Survey Face Marks
New Excavations: All new excavations will be marked
by surveyor in red paint, consisting of left rib, centre line,
right rib, grade line across the face @1.5m above design
floor, back sights marked on opposite rib. The centre line
will also be painted across the backs with the high is able
to be reached with a paint pole.
2nd Advancement: After firing and screening the first
round, surveyor will mark up the next as per a new
excavation extending the center along the backs.
Recording: All excavation marks made by survey will be
recorded and checked against the design, before the
excavation can be blasted.
 3D Laser Scanning
A terrestrial laser scanner determines the distance
between a large number of object points and
thescanner by emitting laser pulses in different
directions and detecting the echoes from the objects.
So-called pulsed scanners measure the travel time of
the pulse towards an object and back. Thistechnique
therefore uses the intensity of the light signal to detect
when an emitted signal returns tothe scanner.Leica
claims an accuracy of 6mm at 50m for the Leica HDS
3000. Opteh ILRIS 3D laser scannerprovides dynamic
measuring range capabilities (3 m- 1500m) with 6mm
distance accuracy. 21
Both terrestrial and
airborne laser scanners
give as an output XYZ
coordinates and picture of
laser intensity determined
by scanning about 6-8
million points easy and
accurate become surfaces
by using appropriate
software. Prepared spatial
models could be converted
to any commercial CAD
and GIS system for post
processing
 Challenges in Indian Mining sector..

Indigenous manufacture of underground mining machineries

Training and skill upgradation of mine workers and managers for mechanized
underground mines

Promoting R&D in coal & metal sector with centres of excellence

 Backfilling technology
Fibre optics based automation system for deep mines
Mine Safety and Human Factor Engineering
Integrated blast design, blasting damage prediction and control for ore
dilution prevention, environment friendly blasting and its control
Rapid drivage using TBMs
Diamond wire saw/chain saw cutting for extraction of ores
Geospatial technologies for exploration and delineation of ore bodies
Subsidence and its prediction
Slope and dump stability in deep surface mines
Underground mine environment, heat stress
Rock testing for dynamic properties and Joint stiffness determination
for safe mine design
Mine Information System
By-:Sanjeet Kumar

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A) Rock Mechanics and Rock Excavation Engineering
Rock Testing
Rock cutting
Drilling and Blasting
Rockmass characterization for planning, design and construction of
underground space
B) Mining Technology
Metal Mining (hangwall control, backfilling)
Surface Mining (slope and dump stability)
Tunnelling
C) Mine Ventilation and Subsurface Environment
Deep Metal Mines, Tunnels
D) Mine Surveying
Geo-information and sustainable development
Modern surveying, Photogrammetry, GPS, GIS
Tunnel Alignment Surveys
Orientation survey in tunnels and underground mines

By-:Sanjeet Kumar
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 Future direction
deep mining
lean organisation
automation
Kyoto protocol
CO2, carbon dioxide, environment
safety, work
globalisation
Skills
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 Thank you
for your kind attention and support
By-:A15,A31,A47