Introduction Sinter Plant

Sinter Plant is designed with 2nos of Dwight-Lloyd Sinter

machines to supply
80 % of the Iron bearing burden for both Blast furnaces.
Sintering is the process of agglomeration of fine ore
particles into porous mass due to incipient fusion caused by
the combustion of fuel present within the mass.

RMHP OTHER UNITS OF VSP

COCCP
SINTER POWER,
GAS
PLANT
B
 Importance of Sintering

Sintering facilitates productive use of fine size Iron ore.

Sinter increases productivity of Blast furnace.
Sinter reduces coke rate in Blast furnace.
Sintering eliminates 90% of Sulphur in raw materials.
Sintering enables utilization of metallurgical waste materials
generated in the plant.
Sinter improves process consistency in BF.
 Inputs and Outputs.
Inputs:
- Iron ore fines
Limestone, Dolomite, Lime and Dolo fines
Quartzite fines / Sand and Mn ore fines
Coke breeze and coke dust
Metallurgical wastes and LD slag
Electricity and Gaseous fuel
Outputs:
BF grade sinter(sent to Blast furnace)
Sinter returns, ESP dust and Slime(all are recycled in SP)
 Stages in Sintering
Preparation of raw materials
Proportioning of raw materials to make Base mix.
Blending of base mix to achieve homogeneity
Charging of sinter mix on sinter machine, igniting its
surface and sintering of the bed
Secondary Proportioning to make sinter mix
Crushing, Cooling and Screening of sinter
Separation and re-circulation of sinter returns
 Base mix & Sinter mix
It is homogeneous mixture of Iron Ore Fines and other additives
like Lime stone, Dolomite, Coke, Sand, Lime dust and
Metallurgical waste in a specified ratio and stacked in layers in
the open yard.
It is a mixture of Base mix, Sinter returns and corrective
additions of coke and flux

The sinter mix is granulated ( making small size balls) in

Pelletizes, by adding water, in order to improve permeability of
sinter bed in sinter machine.

Iron Ore fines + Coke fines + Flux + additives + water

= Base Mix.
[Base mix + Returns + Water +Additives] + Heat + Air
(Oxygen) = Sinter.
 Sinter plant Main Functions
Raw material preparation
Receiving of raw materials.
Preparing Raw materials
Proportioning and mixing
Stacking and reclaiming of base mix.
Reclaiming of BF coke and nut coke.
Receiving of Coke and sinter returns

Sinter production
Secondary proportioning of raw mix
Sinter making and cooling
Sinter screening.
RB- Receiving Bins
The purpose of Receiving bins is to receive all the
metallurgical waste material generated in the plant into 8 no's
of under ground bins and proportion it by means of disc
feeders provided below each bin to feed it to RMB.

RMB - Raw Material Bins

All the Raw materials i.e. Iron ore fines, Sand, Met.waste,
Lime stone, Dolomite, Coke and Lime dust are stored and
weighed in definite proportions and sent to MMDP.
Disc feeders and weigh feeders are used for proportioning of
different materials.
The homogeneous mixture is called Base mix which is the
main feed material for sintering.
Weight feeder

Disc feeder
 MMDP- Material Mixing &
Distribution Plant.
The proportioned material (Base mix) from RMB is mixed
in Primary Mixing Drum (PMD) and sent to Base Mix Yard
for storage and blending.
PMD
Cap : 1200 t/hr
Length : 12.5 m
Speed : 9.3 rpm
Inclination :3o
Diameter : 3.2 m
 THERMAL POWER PLANT
A Thermal Power Plant converts the heat energy of coal
into electrical energy. Coal is burnt in a boiler which
converts water into steam. The expansion of steam in
turbine produces mechanical power which drives the
alternator coupled to the turbine.Thermal Power Plants
contribute maximum to the generation of Power for any
country

Thermal Power Plants constitute 75.43% of the total

installed captive and non-captive power generation in India

In thermal generating stations coal, oil, natural gas etc. are

employed as primary sources of energy.
General Layout of Thermal Power Station
 Main and Auxiliary
Coal handling plant
Pulverizing plant
Draft fans
Boiler
Ash handling plant
Turbine
Condenser
Cooling towers and ponds
Feed water heater
Economizer
Superheated and Reheated
Air preheated
 Boiler for producing heat
Operation Mechanism
In Boiler the water is converted to steam.
In Super heater the moisture content is removed from the
steam and that steam is called super heated steam
The superheated steam rotates the shaft of the High
pressure turbine
The Exhausted steam is sent to preheater and the steam
then rotates the Intermediate pressure(IP) Turbine
The steam from the IP turbine is then feed to low pressure
turbine.
The turbine shaft is connected to the Generator, which
produces Electric Power.
The power generated is then Transmitted.
 GENERATOR

The Synchronous Generator is used to Generate power by

connecting the shaft of the Turbine to the shaft of the
generator which cuts the magnetic flux producing Emf.

The Generated Voltage will generally 11KV to 20 KV max.

The Generated Voltage is stepped up by connecting Step up
transformer and is transmitted and is also used for
Auxiliary purposes.