THE CELL

It is the unit of biological

structure and function.

There are complex

biochemical and physical
processes which allow life to
continue are carried out in
these minute units.
 Animal Cell vs Plant Cell
Animal Cell Plant Cell
Cell Wall Absent Present (cellulose)
Round Rectangular
Shape
(irregular shape) (fixed shape)
One or more small One, large central
Vacuole vacuoles (much smaller vacuole taking up 90%
than plant cells) of cell volume
Present in all animal Only present in lower
Centrioles
cells plant forms
Plant cells have
Animal cells don't have chloroplasts because
Chloroplast
chloroplasts they make their own
food
Animal Cell vs Plant Cell cont
Cytoplasm Present Present
Endoplasmic
Present Present
Reticulum
Ribosome Present Present
Mitochonria Present Present
Plastid Absent Present
Golgi apparatus Present Present
Cell membrane
Cell membrane With cell wall
only
Cytoskeleton Present Present
Lysosomes Occur in cytoplasm Not evident
Nucleus Present Present
Cilia Present Absent
 Type of cells

EUKARYOTIC PROKARYOTIC
CELL CELL
 All organisms: 1 or more cells

PROKARYOTES
EUKARYOTES
 Prokaryotes (from Old Greek pro-
before + karyon nut or kernel,
referring to the cell nucleus, +
suffix -otos, pl. -otes; also spelled
"procaryotes") are organisms
without a cell nucleus (= karyon),
or any other membrane-bound
organelles. Most are unicellular,
but some prokaryotes are
multicellular.
 Eukaryotes are organisms whose
cells are organized into complex
structures by internal membranes
and a cytoskeleton. The most
characteristic membrane bound
structure is the nucleus. Animals,
plants, fungi, and protists are
eukaryotes.
 All organisms: 1 or more cells

PROKARYOTES
EUKARYOTES
 Cell membrane - forms the outer
covering of the cell, and is semi-
permeable.
Cytoplasm - is a gel-like matrix where all
the other cell organelles are suspended
inside the cell.
Nucleus - contains the hereditary
material DNA and directs the activities of
the cell.
o Nucleolus - is the structure within the nucleus and
helps in formation of ribosomes.
o Chromatin - the genetic material made up of
DNA
 Ribosomes - used in production of
proteins
Endoplasmic Reticulum - are a
network of membranes composed of
rough and smooth endoplasmic
reticulum.
Smooth ER tubular in shape , makes
lipid and modifies structure of some
carbohydrates
Rough ER dotted with protein-
synthesizing ribosomes
 Mitochondrion - organelle which
produces energy
Golgi complex - is responsible for
storing, packaging of cellular products
such as proteins
Lysosomes - are enzyme sacs, that
digest unwanted cellular wastes, extra
organelles and foreign bodies
Peroxisome - for the detoxification of
hydrogen peroxide inside the cell
 Cytoskeleton - internal framework of
the cell, supporting structures
Cell wall - extra covering in plant cells
made up of cellulose
Plasmodesmata - openings in the
plant cell covering for communication
of the cells
Chloroplast - organelle for
photosynthesis
Vacuole - for storage of materials
inside the cell
Nucleus
Ribosome
Endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi complex
Lysosome
Peroxisome
Cytoskeleton
Mitochondrion
Chloroplast
Cell Membrane
CELL WALL
Plasmodesmata
Vacuole