AIR

Vw=20m3
WATER
V=80m3

Vs=50m3
SOLIDS
 Oven drying 24h

1500

Total Weight = 6N Total Weight = 5N

 B

A C
 EMBANKMENT 1.5m

30m
BORROW PIT
6 00mm

3 00mm
P Q
Soil 1 Soil 2

150mm 150mm
 2000kN

GL
1m b= 15kN/m3
2m
Silty Sand
GWT
sat= 19kN/m3
6m
Sand
sat= 20kN/m3
e0=0.65
10m
Clay

Dense Sand
 GL
0m
Capillary
Layer
-3m GWT
sat= 18kN/m3

Sand
-5m

w=45%
Gs=2.5
-8m Clay w= 10kN/m3
10m
3m 1.5m
GL

1m

Sand
1.5m X 1.5m b= 15kN/m3
Nq=24
N=20
GL

10m

Clay soil
C=40kN/m2
1.2m c/c

1.2m c/c
4.5 m
sat= 18kN/m3

Sand
3.0 m

w=45%
Gs=2.5
Clay w= 10kN/m3

0m
 Reflected Rays

Drip Water

Insulated Roof

Gunny Bags

Water Storage
Hot Air
Circulation

Cooled Air Cooled Air

40 cm

10 cm

SOIL A SOIL B
40 cm
X
10 cm
Datum 6m

8m
 A rectangular area 2mX4m carries a uniformly distributed load of 8t/m2 at the
ground surface. Find the vertical pressure at 5m below the centre and 5m below
the corner of the loaded area using Westergards Influence factor.

m= l/z n=b/z Influence Factor

0.4 0.2 0.0328
0.8 0.4 0.0931

Representative samples of a layer of silty clay, 5m thick, were tested in a

consolidometer and the following results were obtained:

Initial void ratio: 0.90

Preconsolidation stress= 120kN/m2
Recompression Index= 0.03
Compression Index= 0.27

Estimate the consolidation settlement if the present average overburden stress of

the layer is 70kN/m2 and the increase in average stress in the layer is 80kN/m2.
 0.5m

5m

1m

1m
 X
10m
Datum