GOVERNMENT COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

DHARMAPURI

MINIATURE OF HYDRO POWER PLANT

Project work submitted by
M.SIVASANKAR 613514114703
M.SIVABALAN 613514114704
M.NETHAJI 613514114705
R.S.TAMILARASAN 613514114706

Year/Semester: 3rd year/6th semester

Project guided by,
Mr. C. RAJKUMAR,M.E.,
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
DEPT OF MECH ENGG
 ABSTRAST
The hydropower plant is considered as one of
the more desirable sources of producing electrical
energy due to its environmentally-friendly nature and
extensive potential available throughout the world. On
the other hand the hydropower plant allows the
autonomous production of quantities of electrical
energy capable of meeting the requirements of
individual users starting from water resources which
would otherwise be wasted. Based on the continuous
requirement for renewable energy, a mini hydro power
plant by using a propeller turbine is discussed due to
its simple structure and easy production. The key
parameters are studied for designing a hydropower
plant, like water head, water flow-rate and turbine
speed.
 INTRODUCTION
Hydro power plants in general and hydro turbine in
particular like any other real system, are non linear and
have time-varying parameters to some extent .
The hydrodynamics of a tunnel , penstock and turbine are
complex due to nonlinear relationship, which exists
between the water velocity, turbine inlet pressure and
developed power.
The performance of hydro turbine is strongly influenced
by the characteristics of water inertia, water
compressibility and penstock-wall elasticity.
The dynamic characteristics of a hydro turbine power
depend heavily on changes in set point and load
disturbances.
METHODOLOGY
 The water is flow through the pipes into turbine, then the
turbine as to be rotated. Then turbine is to be converted into
kinematic energy to mechanical energy.
The water is flow in kinematic energy, so the kinematic
energy is converted into mechanical energy from the use of
turbine.
Then the mechanical energy is to be converted into
electrical energy form the use of dynamo (or)generator.
Then the power will be stored as well as the battery then
power will be used that the required time.
Then the water will be stored in the tail race. After the
water will be used and this process will be continued there for
the power generation processing and to be done.
And the control valve is used to control the water flow rate
and to stop and start the water flow on the pipe line.
DESGIN DIAGRAM
 DESGIN CALCULATION
i)Power= force velocity
ii)force=pressure area
iii)pressure= gh
=density of water=1000Kg/m2
g=acceleration due to gravity=9.81m/sec2
h=water head=14.7m
pressure= gh
=1000109.8114.7
=1.44106N/m2
Pressure=F/A
F=PA
F=1.441063.14/4 (510-3)
F=5652N
Power=force velocity
=56523.3310-3
=18.84W
 EXPERIMENTAL SETUP
TURBINE:
A water turbine is a rotary machine that converts kinematic
energy and potential energy of water into mechanical work.
Water turbines were developed in the 19th century and were
widely used for industrial power prior to electrical grids. Now
they are mostly used for electric power generation. Water turbines
are mostly found in dams to generate electric power from water
kinetic energy.
NOZZLE:
A nozzle is a device designed to control the direction or
characteristics of a fluid flow (especially to increase velocity)
as it exits (or enters) an enclosed chamber or pipe. A nozzle is
often a pipe or tube of varying cross sectional area, and it can
be used to direct or modify the flow of a fluid (liquid or gas).
DYNAMO:

DC dynamo converts mechanical energy into electrical

energy. This dynamo produce electricity 2.5volt to 12volt

TANK:

A reservoir is storage fluid these fluids may be enlarged

natural or artificial lake, storage pond or impoundment created
using a dam or lock to store water.
 BATTERY:
An electric battery is a device consisting of one or more
electrochemical cells with external connections provided to
power electrical devices such as flashlights, smart phones and
cars.
CONTROL VALVE:

A control valve is a valve used to control fluid flow by

varying the size of the flow passage as directed by a signal from
a controller.

This enables the direct control of flow rate and the

consequential control of process quantities such
as pressure, temperature, and liquid level.

.
BELT &PULLEY:

A belt is a loop of flexible material used to link two or more

rotating shafts mechanically, most often parallel. Belts may be

used as a source of motion, to transmit power efficiently, or to
track relative movement.
 BEARING:
A bearing is a machine element that constrains relative motion
to only the desired motion, and reduces friction between moving
parts.

TAILRACE:

Tailrace fishing is angling immediately below natural or man-

made dams or restrictions to the flow of water on rivers, canals,

streams or any other flowing current.
 WORKING PRINICPLE
This types of project is used in the water storage areas.
When high pressure water flows on the turbine blades, the
turbine will be rotated. The rotating speeds depends upon the
pressure and height from which the water is flowing. The water
is made to fall on to the turbine by means a pump which is
placed below the turbine .So the operation is like perpetual
motion cycle.

Dynamo is coupled with the turbine. Dynamo is the

permanent magnet with moving coil arrangement.
 Whenever the turbine rotates the moving coil in the
dynamo also rotates. Due to that voltage is generated. The
generated voltage can be stored is used for different
applications. Through this way electric power is generated and
compensated to electric demand. As a result is CFL is used to
demonstrate the above project.
COST ESTIMATION
PROJECT PHOTOGRAPHY
 CONCLUSION
The project carried out by us made an
impressing task in the field of electricity department.
It is used for to produce the current in water force.

The project has also reduced the cost involved in

the concern. Project has been designed to perform the
entire requirement task which has also been provided.
There for the project was completed.
 REFERENCE
1."Cragside Visitor Information". The National Trust. Retrieved
16 July 2015.

2. Howard Schneider (8 May 2013). "World Bank turns to

hydropower to square development with climate change". The
Washington Post. Retrieved 9 May 2013.

3. Nikolaisen, Per-Ivar . "12 mega dams that changed the world

(in Norwegian)" In English TekniskUkeblad, 17 January 2015.
Retrieved 22 January 2015.
THANK YOU