1.What are the two basic sections of a turbine engine?

The hot section and the cold section.

2.What are the two basic types of compressors that are used in
aircraft turbine engines?

Axial-flow and centrifugal.

3 What is the purpose of the stators in an axial-flow compressor?

The stators convert some velocity energy into pressure energy and
change the direction of the air so it is proper for the next stage of
rotors.
4.What are three types of combustors used on aircraft turbine
engines?

Can-type, annular-type, and can-annular-type.

5.How many igniters are there normally in an aircraft turbine engine?

Two.
 6. What is the main purpose of the turbine nozzle in an aircraft
turbine engine?

The turbine nozzle directs the hot gases as they leave the combustors
so they will turn the turbine wheel with maximum efficiency.
 7.What is meant by a free-turbine turboshaft engine?

A turboshaft engine that has a turbine wheel, or stage of turbine

wheels, that is not used to drive the compressor of the gas generator
section of the engine. This free turbine drives the propeller in a
turboprop engine or the transmission and rotor of a helicopter.
8. Why do some axial-flow turbine engines have more than one set of
turbines and compressors?

A two-spool turbine engine has a low-pressure and a high-pressure

compressor, each driven by its own turbine. The two independent
systems operate at the speed at which they are most efficient.
9. What kind of bearings are used to support the rotor shaft of an
aircraft turbine engine?

Anti-friction bearings, such as ball bearings or roller bearings.

 10. What is meant by a turbofan engine?

An axial-flow turbine engine in which the first stage of compressor

blades are lengthened, so they can force air around the outside of the
gas generator portion of the engine.
 11. Where can you find the limits of repair allowed for the
compressor blades of an aircraft turbine engine?

In the authority approved service manual issued by the manufacturer

of the engine.
 12. Why is it important that a turbojet engine be allowed to cool
before it is shut down after it has been operated at a high power
setting?

If the engine is shut down while it is hot, there is a possibility that the
shroud will contract around the turbine wheel and seize the rotor.
 13. What is meant by a hung start in a turbine engine?

A start in which ignition occurs, but the engine does not accelerate to
a self-sustaining speed.
 14. What is meant by a hot start in a turbine
engine?

A start in which ignition occurs, but the internal temperatures go high

enough that they can damage the engine.
 15. What is meant by creep of the turbine blades?

A condition of permanent elongation of the turbine blades. Creep is

caused by the high temperatures and the high centrifugal loading
imposed on the blades
 16. How is the compressor of a turbine engine cleaned?

An emulsion-type cleaner is sprayed through the engine while it is

being motored by the starter or operated at a low speed. The wash is
followed by a clean water rinse.
17. Where is water injected into a turbine engine for cooling
purposes?

Into the compressor inlet and into the engine diffuser case.
18. At what point in a turbine engine is the temperature the highest

At the inlet to the high-pressure turbine.

19. What is the function of the interconnect tubes between the cans
of a turbine engine that uses can-type combustors?

These tubes allow the flame to travel from the cans that contain the
igniters to all of the other cans when the engine is being started.
20. What are two types of thrust reversers that are used on turbojet
engines?

The mechanical blockage-type and the aerodynamic blockage-type.

 21. What is meant by trimming a turbojet engine?

Adjusting the fuel control to get the correct idling and maximum-
thrust RPM.
 22. What items are checked in a hot section inspection of a turbine
engine?

The combustion section is checked for cracks or distortion. The

turbine wheel, the turbine case, and the exhaust section are checked
for cracks, indications of overheating, and any indication of warpage,
erosion, or burning.
23. What is the most common type of damage that is found in the hot
section of a turbine engine?

Cracks that are caused by the high concentration of heat in the hot
section.
24.In what units is the tachometer for a turbine engine calibrated?

In percent of the engine's rated takeoff RPM.

25. What type of indicating system is used to measure the exhaust gas
temperature of a turbine engine?

A set of thermocouples arranged in an averaging circuit. These

thermocouples are installed in the tail pipe of the engine.
26. How does a torquemeter actually measure the torque produced
by an engine?

A torquemeter is actually an oil pressure gage. The pressure it

measures is produced in a torque sensor and is proportional to the
amount of strain in the torsional shaft that drives the reduction gears
of the turboprop engine.
 27. What two pressures are measured to get the Engine Pressure
Ratio of a turbojet engine?

The turbine discharge total pressure and the compressor inlet total
pressure.
28. Of what two materials are the thermocouples made that are used
in a turbine engine exhaust gas temperature system?

Chromel and alumel.

29. What is measured by the tachometers used on a two-spool gas
turbine engine?

The N1 tachometer shows the RPM of the low-pressure compressor,

and the N2 tachometer shows the RPM of the high-pressure
compressor.
30. What is meant by the viscosity of engine lubricating oil?

The resistance of the oil to flow

 31. What is meant by a wet sump lubrication system?

A lubrication system in which the oil is carried inside the engine itself.
32. Why do full-flow oil filters have a spring-operated bypass valve in
them?

In case the filter should plug up so it cannot pass any oil, the bypass
valve will open and allow unfiltered oil to flow through the system.
33. What is the function of a fuel-oil heat exchanger in the lubrication
system of a turbojet engine?

This allows heat from the oil to warm the fuel so ice will not form on
the fuel filters.
34. What kind of oil is used in most turbojet engines?

Synthetic oil.
35. What information must be displayed around the oil filler opening
for a turbojet engine?

The word "Oil" and the permissible oil designations, or references to

the Airplane Flight Manual (AFM) for permissible oil designations.
 36. What is meant by a spectrometric oil analysis?

It is a program in which a sample of oil is taken from the engine at regular

intervals and sent to a laboratory, where it is burned in an electric arc. The
resulting light is analyzed for the wavelengths of the elements that are
present in the oil sample. Traces of aluminum, copper, and iron in the oil
indicate wear of the pistons or wrist pin plugs (aluminum), cylinder walls or
piston rings (iron), main bearings or bushings (copper). A single sample is
meaningless. There must be a series of samples taken at regular intervals
to measure the change in the amounts of these metals.
37. What are two types of ignition systems used in turbine engines?

High-voltage systems and low-voltage systems.

 38. Where does the fuel metering system of a turbine engine
discharge its fuel?

The fuel is discharged through spray nozzles into the combustion

chambers.
39. What is adjusted when the fuel control unit of a turbine engine is
trimmed?

The idle speed and the maximum-thrust speed.

40. What are two locations water may be injected into a turbine
engine?

At the compressor inlet and at the inlet to the diffuser section.

 41. What is meant by a duplex nozzle in a turbine engine fuel
metering system?

A duplex fuel nozzle is one that has two fuel discharge passages. A
flow divider sends fuel for low-pressure operation through one
discharge passage, and when the engine demands more fuel, it is
sprayed out through the second discharge passage. The spray pattern
keeps the flame centered in the burner for all operating conditions.
42. What are two basic types of fuel controls for aircraft turbine
engines?

Hydropneumatic and electro-hydromechanical.

43. In which direction relative to the wind should a turbine-powered
aircraft be positioned when the fuel control is being trimmed?

If the wind velocity is less than 10 miles per hour, it can be faced in
any direction. If the wind velocity is between 10 and 25 MPH, it
should be trimmed facing into the wind. The engine should not be
trimmed when the wind velocity is more than 25 MPH.
44. What engine parameters are sensed by the fuel control unit of a
turbine engine?

Engine RPM, inlet air pressure, compressor discharge pressure,

burner can pressure, and inlet air temperature.
 45. What are three purposes for the boost pumps in an aircraft fuel
system?

To provide fuel pressure for starting the engine, to pressurize the fuel
lines to prevent vapor lock, and to transfer fuel from one tank to
another.
46. Where does an engine-driven fuel pump direct the excess fuel
from its pressure relief valve?

Back to the inlet side of the pump.

 47. What causes a vapor lock in an aircraft fuel system?

The fuel becomes hot enough that it boils. Vapors are released from
the liquid fuel, and these vapors block the fuel lines so the liquid fuel
cannot flow to the engine.
48. What is done in most aircraft fuel systems to prevent vapor lock?

Boost pumps in the fuel tank pressurize the fuel in the lines and force
the fuel into the fuel metering system.
 49. What is the purpose of the pressurizing and dump valve in the
fuel system for a turbine engine?

For normal engine operation, the pressurizing and dump valve acts as
a flow divider, directing the fuel into the main or pilot manifold so it
will be discharged from the proper orifice in the duplex fuel nozzle.
When the engine is shut down, the dump function of the valve dumps
all of the fuel from the manifold.
 50. What are the two basic types of turbine engine fuel?

Jet A and A-1, which are a special type of kerosene-base fuel. This is
similar to military JP-5.
51. What is meant by a spectrometric oil analysis?

It is a program in which a sample of oil is taken from the engine at

regular intervals and sent to a laboratory, where it is burned in an
electric arc. The resulting light is analyzed for the wavelengths of the
elements that are present in the oil sample. Traces of aluminum,
copper, and iron in the oil indicate wear of the pistons or wrist pin
plugs (aluminum), cylinder walls or piston rings (iron), main bearings
or bushings (copper). A single sample is meaningless. There must be a
series of samples taken at regular intervals to measure the change in
the amounts of these metals.
52. What type of ignition system is used on most turbine engines?

High-intensity, intermittent-duty, capacitor discharge ignition

systems.
 53.What are three purposes for the boost pumps in an aircraft fuel
system?

To provide fuel pressure for starting the engine, to pressurize the fuel
lines to prevent vapor lock, and to transfer fuel from one tank to
another.
54.How do some turbine engines prevent ice formation on the inlet
guide vanes?

Hot compressor bleed air flows through hollow inlet guide vanes.
 56.How does a noise suppressor reduce the amount of noise
produced by a turbojet engine

It breaks up the low-frequency vibrations in the exhaust stream and

converts them into higher frequencies. These high frequencies are
dissipated by the air more easily than low frequencies.
56.Why is it important that a lead pencil never be used to mark on an
aircraft exhaust system

THE GRAPHITE IN A LEAD PENCIL WILL INFUSE INTO THE METAL WHEN IT GETS HOT.
IT MAKES THE METAL BRITTLE AND LIKELY TO CRACK.
58.How is the structure around a turbine engine protected from
excessive heat from the engine?

An insulating blanket protects the structure from excessive heat.

 59. Why do some turbine engines use variable inlet guide vanes?

These variable inlet guide vanes are automatically adjusted to direct

the air into the engine in such a way that it keeps the RPM vs. velocity
proper for the most efficient operation.
59.How do some turbine engines prevent ice formation on the inlet
guide vanes?

Hot compressor bleed air flows through hollow inlet guide vanes.
 60. Why do some aircraft fuel filters have a built-in relief valve?

This relief valve will open and allow unfiltered fuel to flow to the fuel
control device if the filter should become plugged with ice or other
contaminants.