Secondary Forest

Community
Located in
Miagao, Iloilo
Bacelonia x Burgos x Coopera x Decrepito x de los
Santos x Mariano x Roperos x Ruiz x Salva x Sermonia
Secondary forests
relates to successional forests that developed after clearing of the
original forest (Clements, 1916)
regrowth after natural and/or human disturbance of the original
forests (Sips et. al., 1997)
woody vegetation regrowing on land which was totally cleared (or at
least 90%) of the original forest (Greig-Smith, 1952)
Secondary forests are forests regenerating largely through natural
processes after a significant human and/or natural disturbance of the
original forest vegetation at a single point in time or over an extended
period, and displaying a major difference in forest structure and/or
canopy species composition with respect to nearby primary forests on
similar sites.
MATERIA
LS
AND
METHOD
MATERIA
LS
Physicochemical Quadrate
tests
Plot
Method
METHOD
Additional Tests
S
Point
Quarter
Method Soil Analysis
LOCATION: University of the
Philippines Visayas Miagao, in front of
CHANCELLORS PARK
RESULTS
AND
DISCUSSI
Physicochemical
Results
Environmental Parameters

Air temperature Soil temperature

Surface Mean(c)
Mean(c)
Start 29.66667
Start
25.5 End 29.78333
Below ground
End 28 Start 26.45

End 26.71667
Environmental Parameters

Relative Humidity

Mean
Start 86
End 93
SOIL
ANALYSIS
Environmental Parameters

Mean soil pH
7

>Soil pH is a good indication of the chemical status of the soil

and can be used in part to determine potential plant growth.
(Londo, AJ et. al., 2006)
 SAMPLE SAMPLE SAMPLE SAMPLE SAMPLE SAMPLE
POINT 0m POINT POINT POINT POINT POINT MEAN
10m 20m 30m 40m 50m

A.SOIL MOISTURE

Pre-weigh (g) 6 14.99 25.46 23.12 30.63 11.54 18.6233333

After oven dry 3.57 10.91 18.38 17.18 24.85 8.01 13.8166667
weight (g)

% Soil 59.50% 72.78% 72.19% 74.31% 81.13% 69.41% 71.55%

%Moisture 40.50% 27.22% 27.81% 25.69% 18.87% 30.59% 28.45%

 C.SOIL SIZE/COMPOSITION

SOIL
TEXTURE
Points
% Total % Total Medium % Total
Residue Coarse Fine % Total weight Total wt.
weight weight weight
0 17 80.61% 2.4 11.38% 0.06 0.28% 1.63 7.728781413 21.09
10 19.18 80.12% 2.23 9.31% 0.4 1.67% 2.13 8.897243108 23.94
20 21.11 77.90% 3.66 13.51% 0.13 0.48% 2.2 8.118081181 27.1
30 18.21 71.81% 3.33 13.13% 0.16 0.63% 3.66 14.43217666 25.36
40 18.8 71.81% 3.15 12.03% 0.08 0.31% 4.15 15.85179526 26.18
50 8.91 72.20% 1.46 11.83% 0.14 1.13% 1.83 14.82982172 12.34
Total 103.21 75.74% 16.23 11.87% 0.97 0.75% 15.6 11.64298322

Weight of CMF 32.8

%CMF 31.77987
OVERSTORY PLANT
Swietenia
mahogani
Pithecellobium dulce
Streblus Sandpaper
tree
asper
Oval leaves species
Oblovate species
Unknown sp
 Secondary Forest Habitat
Quadran
Point # Species Point-to-tree Distance (m) DBH (cm) Basal Area (cm^2)
t
0m A Swietenia mahogani 2.5 68.5 3685.284532
B Swietenia mahogani 1.76 75.2 4441.45803
C Swietenia mahogani 2.57 118.6 11047.37915
D Oval leaves species 0.56 60 2827.433388
10m A Swietenia mahogani 2.63 113.2 10064.28056
B Swietenia mahogani 1.16 6 28.27433388
TABLE A
C Swietenia mahogani 5.33 72.2 4094.154962
D Swietenia mahogani 2 107.4 9059.379319
20m A Swietenia mahogani 3.5 121.7 11632.4458
B Oval leaves species 1.82 21.5 363.050301
C Swietenia mahogani 1.51 9.5 70.88218425
D unknown sp. 1.14 9.8 75.42963961
30m A Swietenia mahogani 4 103 8332.289115
B Swietenia mahogani 2.44 46.6 1705.539236
C Swietenia mahogani 3.6 93.3 6836.804619
D Pithecellobium dulce 0.67 33 855.2985999
40m A Oval leaves species 1.58 47.8 1794.50914
B Oval leaves species 4.18 81.9 5268.144575
C Pithecellobium dulce 3.53 58.4 2678.64756
D Oval leaves species 0.82 104 8494.866535
50m A Swietenia mahogani 1.3 93.9 6925.02054
B Streblus asper 1.43 9.4 69.39778172
C Oval leaves species 2.31 53.3 2231.229788
D Oblovate leaves 1.45 5 19.63495408

No. of points sampled = 6 n=24 53.79 63.05

Total Sum of point-to-tree distance 53.79m Average DBH: 63.05cm

Average Distance (m)2.24125
Mean Area (m^2) 5.023201563
Table A
Table A shows the distribution of the different species present in the habitat
from Starting (point 0m) to End (point 50m).

The Point-to-Tree Distance of the trees are also shown which shows the varying
distances of trees from different points. This also gives a rough picture of how
dense the tree growth is in the area.

DBH (Diameter at Breast Height) of trees are also shown which shows that the
forest have both young and older trees in the area. However, compared to
other forest habitats this station is relatively young with maximum DBH at
118.6cm. Other forests have way bigger diameters.
 Secondary Forest Habitat
Quadran
Point # Species Point-to-tree Distance (m) DBH (cm) Basal Area (cm^2)
t
0m A Swietenia mahogani 2.5 68.5 3685.284532
B Swietenia mahogani 1.76 75.2 4441.45803
C Swietenia mahogani 2.57 118.6 11047.37915
D Oval leaves species 0.56 60 2827.433388
10m A Swietenia mahogani 2.63 113.2 10064.28056
B Swietenia mahogani 1.16 6 28.27433388
TABLE A
C Swietenia mahogani 5.33 72.2 4094.154962
D Swietenia mahogani 2 107.4 9059.379319
20m A Swietenia mahogani 3.5 121.7 11632.4458
B Oval leaves species 1.82 21.5 363.050301
C Swietenia mahogani 1.51 9.5 70.88218425
D unknown sp. 1.14 9.8 75.42963961
30m A Swietenia mahogani 4 103 8332.289115
B Swietenia mahogani 2.44 46.6 1705.539236
C Swietenia mahogani 3.6 93.3 6836.804619
D Pithecellobium dulce 0.67 33 855.2985999
40m A Oval leaves species 1.58 47.8 1794.50914
B Oval leaves species 4.18 81.9 5268.144575
C Pithecellobium dulce 3.53 58.4 2678.64756
D Oval leaves species 0.82 104 8494.866535
50m A Swietenia mahogani 1.3 93.9 6925.02054
B Streblus asper 1.43 9.4 69.39778172
C Oval leaves species 2.31 53.3 2231.229788
D Oblovate leaves 1.45 5 19.63495408

No. of points sampled = 6 n=24 53.79 63.05

Total Sum of point-to-tree distance 53.79m Average DBH: 63.05cm

Average Distance (m)2.24125
Mean Area (m^2) 5.023201563
 Using the data gathered, the basal area of each tree are computed
and it shows the relative area each tree is occupying at its base.

Again, it gives a rough picture of how mature trees in the area are.

Total sum of point-to-tree distance is solved together with the average

DBH, distances and mean area occupied by all the trees.
Overstory Plants: Data Analyses

Mean Distance (m) 2.24125

Mean DBH (cm) 63.05
Mean Area (m2) 5.023201563
 TABLE B
Species N Ave. BA(cm) Ave. BA (m) ABSDEN Points present

Swietenia mahogani 13 5994.091722 59.94091722 0.0052 5

Pithecellobium dulce 2 1766.97308 17.6697308 0.0008 2

Oval leaves species 6 3496.538955 34.96538955 0.0024 4

Oblovate leaves 1 19.63495408 0.196349541 0.0004 1

Streblus asper 1 69.39778172 0.693977817 0.0004 1

unknown sp. 1 75.42963961 0.754296396 0.0004 1

Theres a total of 24 trees surveyed in the area. 13 of which are S. mahogani, 2

are P. dulce, 6 Oval leafed sp. And 1 for other species as shown above.

The BA for each species is computed with absolute density and at how many
points the trees are present which denotes the frequency.
Overstory Plants: Data Analyses

DEN
Species REL DEN (%) (#/m^2) BA REL BA (%) FREQ REL FREQ IV

Swietenia mahogani 54.16666667 2.587990913 0.31169277 75.94791268 0.833333333 35.71428572 165.8288651

Pithecellobium dulce 8.333333333 0.398152448 0.014135785 3.444363946 0.333333333 14.28571429 26.06341157

Oval leaves species 25 1.194457345 0.083916935 20.44742987 0.666666667 28.57142858 74.01885844

Oblovate leaves 4.166666667 0.199076224 7.85398E-05 0.019137226 0.166666667 7.142857144 11.32866104

Streblus asper 4.166666667 0.199076224 0.000277591 0.067638613 0.166666667 7.142857144 11.37716242

unknown sp. 4.166666667 0.199076224 0.000301719 0.073517569 0.166666667 7.142857144 11.38304138

UNDERSTORY
Swietenia mahogani

Caesalpinia
sappan
UNDERSTORY PLANTS
Dominant
Sample Stem Mean height Species
Point Number (cm)
1 52 27.75 Swietenia
mahogani
2 56 42.34 Swietenia Overall mean
mahogani height: 35.818cm
3 29 32.48 Swietenia
mahogani
4 51 26.92 Swietenia
mahogani
5 19 49.6 Swietenia
mahogani
Swietenia mahogani
One of the most abundant tree species in
forests ( 0.07 vol/ha) (m3)
It could grow up to 30-40 m high
FAUNA
Tessaratoma javanica
Litchi Stink Bug

Adult form Nymph form

 Earwig
Order Dermaptera
Coptotermis elisae
Termite
Gryllus sp.
Field Cricket
Conclusion
The data gathered from the sampling site shows the relative cover,
maturity of trees and the distribution of the species present. Different
animal species were also found. Over all, theres a dominant species
(S. mahogani) and followed by Oval leaves sp.

The forest is relatively young due to the abundance of many small

DBH trees. However, this shows that the site has an active
reproduction due to high numbers of saplings and young trees
present.
FIN