Professional Documents
Culture Documents
-BY
Shruti Bhatnagar Dasgupta
What is a Ladder Diagram
Relay
R
Contactor
Motor M1
Indicating Lamp R
Timer TR
RUNG
OR A Y A.B=Y A Y
B
B
AND A Y A+B=Y A B Y
B
__
NOT A Y A X
A=Y
X Y
Example 1
Water Level Control:
i. Its a single point level control.
ii. When the Level is above set point the output pump should be
OFF
iii. When the Level is below set point the output pump should
be ON
Pump
Set Point
TANK
Solution 1
X1 X2 X3 Y1
(Pump ON) (Pump OFF) (Limit (Output)
Switch)
High Low Low High
--- High --- Low
High Low High Low
Ladder Diagram 1
R1
R1 X3 Y1
Temperature Control
i. A temperature control system consists of four
thermostats. The system operates three heating units.
The thermostats are set at 55C, 60C, 65C and 70C.
ii. Below 55C three heater are to be in ON state
iii. Between 55C - 60C two heaters are to be in ON state.
iv. Between 60C - 65C one heater is to be in ON state.
v. Above 70C all heaters are to be in OFF state, there is a
safety shutoff in case any heater is operating by mistake.
vi. A master switch turns the system ON and OFF.
Solution 2
CR1 TS1
Heater 1
H1
TS2 Heater 2
H2
TS3 Heater 3
H3
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