7.

1 heat is a form of energy

1. Heat is a form of energy
2. Every living things need heat to keep its
body warm.
3. Heat is very useful in our daily life.
4. Everyday we use heat for:
a) Cooking food
b) Boil water
c) Dry wet cloth
d) Dry hair after shower
e) Iron cloth / school uniform
f) Warming homes for those who live in the
cold climate
g) Melting metal (by blacksmith)
5. How heat can be produce?
a) Through friction
b) Through burning
c) Through electricity
 Heat and
temperature
Heat Temperat
-heat is the
hotness of an ure
object. -temperature is the
- Its can be degree of hotness.
measured in - It is measured in
Joule (J) kelvins (K) or
degree celcius (oC)
-
 7.2 heat flow and its effect
1. Solid, liquid and gasesexpand when
heated.
2. Liquids expand more than solids while gases
expand most when heated.

gases liquid solid

3. On the other hand, solid, liquid and gases

contract when cooled.
4. On expansion, the volume
of substance increases.

5. On contraction, the volume of

a substance decreases.
 Heat flow
1. Heat can flow from one place to another.
2. It can flow in three different ways:
conduction, convection and
radiation.
 1
Conduction
-Flow of
heat
through
solids

Heat flow
3
2
radiation
Convection -Flow of
-Flow of heat
heat through
through vacuum
Liquid or gases
conduction
3. When two objects come into
contact, heat flows from the
hotter object to the colder
object. This causes the
temperature of the colder object to
rise and the hotter object to fall.
The temperature of both the
objects will finally be the same.
 Natural phenomena involving heat
1. Natural phenomena such as sea breeze,
land breeze and the warming of the
Earth by sun involve heat flow.
 Heat conductors and insulators
1. HEAT CONDUCTORS: substance which
allow heat to pass through
easily.Example: metals
2. HEAT INSULATORS: substance that
prevent heat from passing through.
Examples: non-metals
 heat
3. The use of

conductors:
a) heater
b) pot
c) bottom of iron
d) mercury in thermometer
e) cooling coils at the back of
refrigerator
4. The use ofheat insulators:
a) igloos
b) icebox
c) gloves
d) wood and plastics are used to make
handles (iron, cooking utensil)
e) vacuum flask
7.3 The Effects of Heat on Matter
1. Physical processes related to heat are:
a) melting (solid liquid)
b) boiling (liquid gas )
c) condensation (gas liquid)
d) freezing (liquid solid)
e) evaporation (liquid- gas)
f) sublimation (solid gas)
 7.4 Application of the principle of

Expansion and
contraction of matter
a) Mercury in thermometer
b) Bimetallic strip in a fire alarm
c) Gaps in railway tracks
d) Rollers of steel bridges
 The use of the principle of
expansion and contraction of
matter in solving simple problem

a) To loosen a tight cap

b) To separate two stuck glasses
APPLYING THE PRINCIPLE OF EXPANSION AND
CONTRACTION TO SOLVE SIMPLE PROBLEM
White shirt vs black shirt
7.5 ABSORPTION AND RELEASE OF
HEAT

1. Heat flows in 3 different ways: conduction,

convection and radiation.

2. Radiation is the transfer of heat in the form of
electromagnetic waves through vacuum.
3. Every hot object gives out heat as radiation
and every object absorbs radiation.
1. However, different surface absorb and gives out heat
at different rates.

2. A dark and dull surface absorbs and gives out heat

better than a white and shiny surface.
** dark and dull surfaces good absorber and good
radiators of heat

** white and shiny surfaces good reflector of heat but

poor absorber and and
radiator of heats.
Heat absorber: an object that absorbs heat easily.

HEAT radiator: an object that gives out heat

easily.
 Application of different types of
surfaces in daily life
a) Radiator of a car is painted black to help it give
out heat faster.
b) White clothes keep us cool as they absorb less
radiation from the Sun.
c) The white surface inside a styrofoam container
is a poor absorber of heat. Styrofoam
container keeps food warm by reflecting the
heat from the food back into the box.
d) Many building have shiny glass walls to reflect
heat radiation from the Sun. So the inside of
the buildings is kept cool.
 To find out which
type of surface
absorb heat
better
Hypothesis : a
dark dull surface
absorbs heat
better than white
shiny surface
 To find out
which types of
surface release
out heat better
Hypothesis: a
dark dull
surface release
heat better
than white and
shiny surface
Thermos flask
it is made from cork which
helps to reduces heat loss

silver coated will reflects heat

and reduces radiation of heat

base cork reduces heat loss

7.6 The benefits of heat flow
- Examples of how the principle of heat flow
can be applied in each of daily life for a
more comfortable living.
a) Open the windows in your classroom or
laboratory to improve air ventilation.
b) Use an umbrella with a silvery surface to
reduce the absorption of heat from the
sun.
PT3 FORMAT EXERCISE
1. A dark dull surfaces can ______________________ and release heat well.
2. Shiny surfaces can ____________________ heat well.
3. The following are examples of application of absorption and release of heat
in our daily life
a) Houses and buildings are painted with bright colour to
________________ the absorption of heat so that the buildings
are cool. The bright surfaces are ____________________
absorption of heat.
b) Oil tanks are painted with shiny paint. This is because the shiny
surfaces are good heat _______________and this can reduces
the heat in the oil tank to avoid fire.
c) We prefer wearing _____________________ coloured clothing
during the day because this coloured is not a good absorber of
heat.
d) A car radiator is painted _______________ to _____________
heat faster. Thus, the car radiator can ___________________
the car engine.
e) A thermos flask is painted with _____________________ paint.
This surfaces _______________ the loss of heat from inside of
the thermos flask. Water is remain hot for _____________ period
of time.