Presentation Slides

to Accompany
Organizational Behavior
10th Edition
Don Hellriegel and John W. Slocum, Jr.

Chapter 7Managing Individual Stress

Prepared by
Michael K. McCuddy
Valparaiso University
 Slide 7.1
Learning Objectives for Managing
Individual Stress
Explain the concept of stress and stressors and a
persons response to stress
Discuss the relationship between personality and stress

State the primary sources of stress in organizations

Describe the effects of stress on health and job

performance
Identify individual and organizational practices for
managing stress

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 Slide 7.2
The Relationship Between Stressors
and Experienced Stress
Influenced by
the Persons:

Perceptions

Stressors Past Stress

from the Experiences Experienced
Environment by the Person

Social
Support

Individual
Differences

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Stress 105
 Slide 7.3
Behavioral Tendencies of the
Type A Personality

Time urgency

Competitiveness and hostility

Polyphasic behavior

Lack of planning

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Stress 106
 Slide 7.4
Characteristics of the
Hardy Personality

Feeling a sense of commitment

Responding to each difficulty as a

challenge and an opportunity

Having a sense of control over ones life

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Stress 107
 Slide 7.5
Sources of Work Stressors and
Experienced Stress
Work Stressors Influenced by the Employees:

Workload Perceptions

Stress Experienced
Job Conditions Past Experiences by the Employee

Role Conflict and

Social Support
Ambiguity

Career Development Individual Differences

Interpersonal Relations

Aggressive Behavior

Conflict Between Work

and Other Roles

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 Slide 7.6
Stressors and WorkFamily Conflict
Triggers Possible
Stressors Creates Leads to Outcomes

Work and
Work Versus Family Stress WorkFamily
Dissatisfaction
Family on Employee Conflicts

Frustration

Depression

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 Slide 7.7
Stressful Events for College Students
High Stress Events Moderate Stress Events Low Stress Events

* Death of parent * Academic probation * Change in

eating habits
* Death of spouse * Change of major
* Change in
* Divorce * Death of close friend sleeping habits

* Failing important course * Change in social

* Flunking out activities
* Unwed pregnancy * Finding a new love interest
* Conflict with
* Loss of financial aid instructor
* Lower grades
* Major injury or illness than expected
* Parents divorce

* Serious arguments with

romantic partner

* Outstanding achievement

Source: Adapted from Baron, R. A., and Byrne, D. Social Psychology: Understanding
Human Interaction, 6th ed. Boston, Allyn & Bacon, 1991, 573.
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 Slide 7.8
Effects of Stress

Physiological effects
Increased blood pressure, increased heart rate,
sweating, hot and cold spells, etc.

Emotional effects
Anger, anxiety, depression, lowered self-esteem, etc.

Behavioral effects
Poor performance, absenteeism, high accident rates,
high turnover rates, etc.

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 Slide 7.9
Health Impacts of Stress

Health problems

Coronary heart disease, back pain, headaches, etc.

Impact on the organization

Increased health insurance costs and lost work days

Over 75% of industrial accidents are rooted in stress

Stress-related workers compensation claims

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 Slide 7.10
Typical Relationship Between
Performance and Stress
High Too Little Stress Optimum Stress Excessive Stress
(excellent)
Performance
Level of

Low
(poor) Low Amount of Stress High

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 Slide 7.11
Components and Characteristics
of Burnout
Components:
State of emotional exhaustion
Depersonalization of individuals
Feelings of low personal accomplishment

Characteristics:
Experiences high stress from work-related stressors
Idealistic and self-motivating achievers
Often seek unattainable goals

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 Slide 7.12
Individual Stress
Management Initiatives
Designed to eliminate or control sources of
stress and improve the persons ability to cope
A person can manage stress by:
Planning ahead and practicing good time management

Having good personal health management practices

Maintaining a positive perspective

Balancing work life and personal life

Learning a relaxation technique

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 Slide 7.13
Organizational Stress
Management Initiatives
Designed to:
Identify and modify or eliminate work stressors
Help employees modify perception of work stress
Help employees cope with the consequences of stress
Organizations can manage stress by:
Reducing work stressors
Modifying behaviors
Creating wellness programs

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 Slide 7.14
Organizational Stress Management
Initiatives for Reducing Stressors

Improvements in the physical work environment

Job design

Changes in workloads and deadlines

Changes in work schedules, more flexible hours,

and sabbaticals

Increased employee participation

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 Slide 7.15
Organizational Stress Management
Initiatives for Modifying Behaviors

Team building

Career counseling and other employee

assistance programs
Time management workshops

Job burnout workshops

Training in relaxation techniques

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