The Universe:

Origin and
Formation
 The Universe
The vast empty space
around us that consists of
stars, solar system, galaxies
etc is called Universe.
 Experimentation and
mathematical approaches are
utilized by the scientists to study
the universe.
 The geometric theory of
gravitation.

The general theory of relativity to

the universe.

By: Albert Einstein in 1915.

1917
What is the size of the universe?
What is milky way?
-It is the galaxy that contains our
solar system.
 Our Sun and all the planets
around it are part of a galaxy known as
the Milky Way Galaxy. A galaxy is a
large group of stars, gas, and dust
bound together by gravity. They come
in a variety of shapes and sizes. The
Milky Way is a large barred spiral
galaxy.
 All the stars we see in the night sky are in
our own Milky Way Galaxy. Our galaxy is called
the Milky Way because it appears as a milky
band of light in the sky when you see it in a
really dark area.
 It is very difficult to count the
number of stars in the Milky Way from
our position inside the galaxy. Our best
estimates tell us that the Milky Way is
made up of approximately 100 billion
stars.
 Biblical beliefs
According to the genesis of thee bibles old
testaments, the creation of entire cosmos
took place in six days.
 Cosmology
Cosmology is the study of the
Nature,
Structure,
Origin,
And fate of the universe.
 Whats the Universe Made Of?
Atoms

Cold Dark Matter

Dark Energy
 What is the Universe?
The Universe is defined as
everything that exists.
It contains:
planets
stars
comets and asteroids
black holes
galaxies.
The Universe contains thousands of millions of galaxies.
Each galaxy contains thousands of millions of stars.
Our Solar System is part of a galaxy known as the Milky Way.
It is thought that the Milky Way contains between 100400
billion stars, of which our Sun is just one.
Celestial bodies in the Universe
 The observable Universe
The observable Universe refers to everything that is in the
Universe that we theoretically could see.
This includes any object
whose light has had time to
reach the Earth since the
beginning of the Universe.
It is likely that most of the
observable Universe has
not yet been seen.
Even the light that we see from the nearest galaxy to ours, the
Andromeda Galaxy, originated about 2.5 million years ago.
The Hubble Space Telescope is able to see galaxies from
when the Universe was only 400 million years old.
 The size of the Universe
When thinking about the Universe, it can be difficult
to understand the size and scale that is involved.

If the observable Universe was

scaled down to the size of
Earth, our galaxy would be the
size of one micron roughly
the size of a small piece of dust.

To find the Sun within that grain of

dust would be like finding one
particular grain of sand in a
seven-metre-wide circular pool
filled with sand!
Journey through the Universe
Distances in the Universe
 Theories on the
Formation and Origin
of the Universe
Is the Universe expanding?
 What is red shift?
Scientists examining the light
emitted by stars observe dark
lines in the spectrum.
These dark lines are caused by
different elements, such helium,
in the stars being studied.
Edwin Hubble observed that the pattern of dark lines in
light from distant galaxies is shifted towards the red end
of the spectrum.
This red shift suggests that distant galaxies are moving away
from Earth and supports the idea of an expanding Universe.
Red shift occurs because of the Doppler effect, which can
be observed in sound waves and electromagnetic waves.
What is the Doppler effect?
 How does the Doppler effect work in space?
The Doppler effect means that sound
moving away from an observer appears
to be lower in frequency.
The same thing happens with light from
distant galaxies, which appears to be
shifted towards the low frequency, red
end of the spectrum.
This means the distant galaxies must be
moving away from the Earth.
It has also been observed that the further away a galaxy is,
the greater the amount of red shift.
This means that very distant galaxies must be moving faster
than near, all of which is evidence for the Big Bang theory.
 What is the Big Bang theory?
The observation of red shift is a key piece of evidence for the
Big Bang theory about the origin of the Universe.
This states that the Universe began with a colossal explosion
13,700 million years ago and has been expanding ever since.
The other key piece of evidence for
the Big Bang theory is cosmic
microwave background
radiation (CMB).
CMB is radiation remaining
from the Big Bang explosion
and fills the whole of the Universe.
This radiation has cooled as the Universe has expanded and
is now slightly less than 3 degrees above absolute zero.
 What happened 3 to 20
minutes after the Big Bang?
13.8 billion years
4.5 billion years
The more I do science, the more I understand
God
 LIGTH
A light year is defined as the distance that
light travels in one earth year.

Light travels at
300,000 km/s
When we are looking at the night sky and the
stars, we are looking back in time..
Ideas about the Solar System