Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Ghazala Yasmeen
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Grounded theory methodology
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Origins
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Theoretical Sampling &
Saturation
Theoretical sampling is concerned to collection of data and its
direction to gathering further samples which moves to develop a
theory (S&C, 1990; G&S, 1967; Douglas, 2003).
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Constant Comparison
Constant comparison method is a process to identify the
variation in categories and considered as core element in
grounded theory (Charmez, 2006).
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Memos
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Sources of Data
All is Data
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Grounded Theory Approaches
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Classical/Glasserian Grounded theory
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Straussian GT Approach
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Constructivist GT Approach
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Difference b/w Classical,
Straussian & Constructivist
GT approach
Glaserian/Classical Straussian Approach Constructivist/Charmaz
Grounded Theory of Grounded Theory Grounded Theory
Paradigm Positivism or Post- Interpretive and more Constructivism &
atic positivism associated with Symbolic Interactionism
Difference Realist ontology/ Symbolic Interactionism approach between
s Critical realest ontology Relativist ontology positivist and postmodern
Objectivist epistemology Subjective epistemology Relativist ontology
Subjectivist epistemology
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Data Analysis in Straussian
GTM
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Research Objectives &
Questions
Research Objectives
Research Questions
RQ: How agency relation between employee and employer can
be described as agency service relation?
SQ 1 Are employer and employee both resource holders and
resource integrating actors?
SQ 2 Is service (application of operant resources) a basis of
contract between employer and employee?
SQ 3 Does realized value depend on mutually co-creative effort
of employer and employee?
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Extant and Elicited Data
Extant data source is more concerned with data collection as data is
gathered from document, newspapers or blogs. While elicited data
source is focused on generation of data as data is generated by
transcribing interviews or focus group discussion.
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Spectrum of Extant Data &
Elicited Data
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Contextual Positioning of Extant
Data
Researcher and participant interaction is basic difference
between extant or elicited source or data collection and data
generation.
While generating data through elicited source, a researcher
can develop a deep understanding about the positioning of
data for analysis.
Positioning and context of data is concerned with asking the
questions concerned to who, what, when, where, why and
how.
In contrast, researcher involved in data collection through
extant source is deprived of context of data that is needed to
position extant data for analysis.
To bridge this gape it is need to collect extant data through
systematic and reflexive way of collecting data source with
its associated information to position data for analysis rather
than simple process of collecting articles (Ralph, Birks &
Chapman, 2014).
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Questions for establishing Contextual Positioning of Extant Data
Purpose Questions
Who To Identify Who participated in conceiving, supporting, shaping, writing,
editing, and publishing the text?
Who was its production intended to benefit?
What To Define What stated or assumed purposes does it serve?
What specific value does this text bring to the current study?
What are the parameters of the information?
When To Chronicle When was the document conceived, produced, updated?
What is the documents intended lifespan?
To what extent are the issues that influenced and informed the
production of this document relevant to the temporal context
of the current study?
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Open Coding
Open coding is an interpretive process which is
involved with breaking down data to examine closely
and deeply to extract concepts and compare similarities
and differences (Corbin & Strauss, 1990; Strauss &
Corbin, 1998).
Initial or open codes start with empty mind and without
predetermined thinking
Open coding start with first collected piece of data and
continue along with the process of data collection.
It is concerned with interpretation and analysis of data
rather than description (Boadu & Sorour, 2015).
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Category Sub Key Concepts
Categories
Value Value proposal; offering value; proposal acceptance or
Proposition rejection: perceived value; expected value
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Look for
Intervening conditions - that shape,
facilitate or constrain the strategies
that take place within a specific
context.
Action/Interaction - strategies devised
to manage, handle, carry out, respond
to a phenomenon under a set of
perceived conditions
Consequences - outcomes or results of
action or interaction, result from the
strategies
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An Example of The Paradigm
Model
Paradigm Key Concepts Sub Categories
Causal Conditions Need for service Dependency, specialized knowledge
exchange and skills, rare and differentiated
operant resources,
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Propositions
1. Need for service exchange (reciprocal exchange of operant resources)
leads service actors (employers and employees) to establish service
contract and service relation
5. Value is created with the mutual resource integrating efforts of all involved
service actors and realized through desired service exchange.
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Agency Service Relation
Framework