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3 empty bottles
1 Milk bottles
1 bottle (borrow)
Session Objectives
2. Intersection of lines
ax by c = 0
On rearranging, a c
y = x
b b
a coeff. of x
slope = =
b coeff of y c cons tan t term
Intercept = =
b coeff of y
Illustrative Problem :
Solution :
On rearranging, 4y = 2x 10
2 10 1 5
y= x y= x
4 4 2 2
Comparing
with
1 5 y = mx + c
Slope = ; y axis int ercept =
2 2
General to Intercepts Form
x y
On rearranging, =1
c c
a b
c
Intercept on x axis = c
a Intercept on y axis =
b
Put y = 0 in general
equation , Solve for x
Illustrative Problem :
Find the x-intercept and y-intercept for
line given by 2x + 4y +10 = 0.
Find the area formed by this line and
the coordinate axis.
Solution : 2x 4y = 10
2x 4y x y A O
=1 =1
10 10 5 5
2
5
x int ercept = 5 ; y int ercept = B
2
1 5 25
Area of OAB = . 5 . =
2 2 4
General to Normal Form
P
OP = p
O
General to Normal Form
2 2 a2p2 b2p2
As cos sin = 1 =1
2 2
c c
c a b
p = cos = ; sin =
a2 b2 a2 b2 a2 b2
a b c
x = c is +ve
2 2 2 2 2 2
a b a b a b
Illustrative Problem
Solution :
Solution :
Rearranging the given equation,
5x +12y = 26
5 12 26
x y= Divide by 5 2 122 = 13
13 13 13
5 12 5 12
x y=2 cos = , sin =
13 13 13 13
Length of perpendicular from origin = 2 units
12
tan = (Slope of perp.)
5
Solution 2 - Class Exercise - I
The area of triangles made by the lines
L1 : 2x + 3y k = 0, L2 : x = 0, L3 : y = 0
is 48 sq. units. The values of k could be
(a) 48 (b) 24 (c) 24 (d) None of these
Solution :
Y
L2
L2 and L3 are Y-axis and X-axis,
triangle is as
1 A
Area of ABC = AC BC L1
2
x y k
L1 : =1
k k 3 X
2 3
C k B
L3
1 k k 2
= 48 k = 24
2 3 2
Solution 3 - Class Exercise - I
The straight line passing through the point of
intersection of the lines L1 : x 3y +1 = 0 and
2x + 5y 9 = 0 and having infinite slope is
(a) y = 1 (b) 3x + y 1 = 0
(c) x = 4 (d) None of these
Solution :
a1 b1 c1
a2 b2 c2 = 0
a3 b3 c3
Illustrative Problem :
Solution :
1 1 1
If the lines are concurrent 0 1 5 = 0
2 3 k
1 k 15 1 10 1 2 = 0
k 15 10 2 = 0 k=7
Family of Lines Passing through
Intersection of two lines
7=k
Class Exercise - II ( 5 Min.)
Solution :
Rearranging the given equation
a(x + y 1) + b(2x + 3y 1) = 0
The above lines passe through the p.o.i. of the lines
x + y 1 = 0 ...(i) and
2x + 3y 1 = 0 ...(ii)
Solving (i) and (ii), we get x = 2 and y = 1
Solution 2 - Class Exercise - II
Prove that all lines represented by the
equation: (2cosA+3sinA)x + (3cosA
5sinA )y = ( 5 cosA 2 sinA) pass
through a fixed point for all values of A .
Find the coordinates of fixed point.
Solution :
Rearranging the given equation
cosA(2x + 3y 5) + sinA(3x 5y + 2) = 0
The above lines passe through the p.o.i. of the lines
2x + 3y 5 = 0...(i) and
3x 5y + 2 = 0 ...(ii)
PQ = x1cos+y1sin - p
Distance of a point from a line
Consider line L, xcos+ysin = p
and point P (x1, y1).
PQ = x1cos+y1sin - p
a b
cos = ; sin =
a2 b2 a2 b2
c
p =
a2 b2 D
B
P (x1, y1)
a b c C
PQ = x1 y1
a 2 b2 a2 b2 a2 b2 Q
O A
L1
ax1 by1 c L
PQ =
a2 b 2
Distance of a point from a line
Algorithm
Solution :
9 15
Dis tance =
3 2 4 2 6 2 8 2
9 15
Dis tance = = 3.3 units
5 10
Position of points relative
to a line
If Q lies on L,
Ratio positive P1
ax1+by1+c and Q
ax2+by2+c have
opposite signs P2
L
points are on
opposite sides of the line
Positions of Points Relative to a
Line
m ax2 by2 c n ax1 by1 c = 0
m ax by1 c
= 1
n ax2 by2 c
Ratio negative P1
ax1+by1+c and P2 Q
ax2+by2+c have same
sign L
points are on same
side of the line
Positions of Points Relative to
a Line
Algorithm
If E1 and E2 are of same sign, the point lie on the same side of
the line
If E1 and E2 are of opposite sign, the point lie on the opposite
sides of the line
Illustrative Problem
Solution :
E1 = 3(3) 4(4)8 = 14
Opposite side
Class Exercise - III ( 8 Min.)
Solution :
The equation of lines can be written as
mx y + c = 0 ...(i) and
mx y + d/2 = 0 ...(ii)
d
c
Distance between parallel lines = 2
1 m2
Solution 2 -Class Exercise - III
Check whether the origin and (2, 3) lies on
the same side of 2x + 5y = 10 or not.
Solution :
Equation of line is 2x + 5y 10 = 0
Opposite Side
Solution 3 -Class Exercise - III
If p and p1 are the two perpendiculars from
origin on the line: x sec + y cosec = a and
x cos - y sin = a cos 2 respectively. Prove
that 4p2 + p12 = a2.
Solution :
a a
p= = a sin cos = sin2
sec 2 cos ec 2 2
acos 2
p1 = = a cos 2
2 2
sin cos
2 a2
LHS = 4p p12 = 4 sin2 2 a2 cos2 2 = 4 a2
4
Thank you