Heat Flow in Welding

Heat Flow in Welding

Learning Activities
Lesson Objectives 1. Read Handbook pp
When you finish this lesson you will 66-84
2. Look up Keywords
understand:
3. View Slides;
Heat transfer through the welding arc & 4. Read Notes,
factors affecting it 5. Listen to lecture
Heat flow in welded parts & conservatio of 6. Do on-line
energy workbook
7. Do homework
Thermal profiles around moving heat
sources & cooling rates & stresses around
welds

Keywords:
Conduction, Convection, Radiation, Arc Heat Flow, Thermal
Conductivity-Gas, Heat Flux, Fouriers Law, Conservation of
Energy, Moving Heat Source, Thermal Cycles
CONDUCTION - Transfer of Thermal Energy
between one part of a body and an Adjacent
part of the same body or between one body and
another which is in physical contact with it.

CONVECTION - Transfer of Thermal Energy

through mass movement.

RADIATION - Transfer of Thermal Energy by

the emission and absorption of Electromagnetic
Radiation.
 Heat Flow in the Arc
Cathode

Electrons Emitted
Thermal
Ionization Free
Electron
Convection
Ion Radiation
Plasma
T>10,000K Recombination

Anode Neutral
Gas Atom

Radiation
Thermionic
Electrons Absorbed
Conduction in the Arc
Cathode

Electrons Emitted
Thermal
Ionization Free
Electron

Argon
Ion
Plasma Helium
T>10,000K Recombination

Anode Neutral
Gas Atom

Helium Argon
Electrons Absorbed
Turn to the person sitting next to you and discuss (1 min.):
The thermal conductivity of Argon and Helium increases
continuously with increasing temperature, but that of
nitrogen and hydrogen show a drop in conductivity where
the diatomic gas atom dissociates. What do you think would
happen if a significant amount of these gases were in the arc
plasma?
 t<0

Y
t=0

T (y,t)

Small t
(Initial Transient)

Large t
Steady State
 t<0

Y
t=0

T (y,t)

Small t
(Initial Transient)

Large t
Steady State
 d
q y
dy
cal
q y q y heat flux
cm sec
2

Thot cal
thermal conductivity
cm sec o K
dy
Tcooler cal
q q y A heat flow

sec
q y dy
q y
q y dy q y dy ......
y
Heat In - Internal Energy + Heat Generated = Heat Out

Heat In q y A
dT
Internal Energy C p Ady
dt
.
Heat Generated Q gen

density
C p heat capacity
 Arc

Finish

Start

Thermocouples
TEMP
 Fast Travel Speed

Slow Travel Speed

12
3
45
Turn to the person sitting next to you and discuss (1 min.):
This curve was generated when a fast moving arc passed

by the thermocouples. What curves would a slow moving

arc produce?
 Do the Homework Assignment 5 Heat Flow
in Welding from the Assignment Page of the
WE300 Website