FISIKA 1

18 SEPTEMBER 2013

VECTOR

Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian

UGM
Grades
20% : HOMEWORK / QUIZ
10% : CLASS ACTIVITY
35% : MIDTERM
35% : FINAL EXAM
MOTION!
 Motion defined
Any change in position with respect
to a frame of reference.

Frame of reference any physical

entity which could serve as basis in
telling that an object is moving.
 Mechanics
the branch of Physics that is concerned with
the analysis of the action of forces on matter
or material systems.
Dynamics is the Kinematics
branch of branch of
mechanics that is mechanics that
concerned with studies the
the effects of motion of a
forces on the body or a
system of
motion of a body bodies without
or system of consideration
bodies, given to its
especially of mass or the
 Unlocking of Difficulties
Distance
Displacement
Speed
Velocity
Acceleration
Deceleration
Instantaneous Speed
Instantaneous Velocity
WHAT IS DIFFERENCE
BETWEEN.

DISPLACEMENT
and
DISTANCE
????????
 Displacement and distance
your
To go to school from home... home

l2 l1
l3
your
school
Distance = length of path
you travelled = l1 + l2 + l3
Displacement and distance
your
To go to school from home... home

Size = length
of this arrow

your displacement
displacement from
from
school home
home to
to school
school

A displacement has size & direction.

Displacement and distance
Displacement requires :
Length of a straight line going from the
old to the new positions
i.e. size/magnitude
Direction of the movement
 Distance vs. Displacement
Distance is the Displacement
extent is the shortest
of space between length between
two two points. It is
objects or places; a vector
an quantity.
intervening space.
It is
also the total length
traversed by a
 Displacement along a straight
line
Set an initial point,

Use positive (+) and negative ()

signs to represent the direction.

* Remember assign a direction as positive!

 Displacement along a straight
line

Take the direction to the right as

positive.
Displacement along a straight line
Displacement in a plane

What is the total displacement of the car?

 Displacement in a plane
Graphical method
From O
From to AA and
O to and then to BB..
then to

3 km total displacement
4 km = 3 km to the east
37 5 km

N
 Algebraic method
It is easy to add displacements if they are
perpendicular to each other.
e.g. N
3 km 52 = 4 2 + d 2

d = 3 km
4 km 37 5 km
 Speed vs. Velocity
Speed is the ratio Velocity is the
of distance ratio of change
traveled to time in position to
interval. It is a time interval
scalar quantity. over which
change takes
place. It is a
vector quantity.
the two terms can just be interchanged in an
ordinary conversation, but they should have
a distinction in Physics.
WHAT IS DIFFERENCE
BETWEEN.

VECTOR
and
SCALAR
????????
 Vectors
A scalar quantity is one that is represented by a
single number
mass; length; time; temperature; volume;
energy; charge; etc.
A vector is a quantity which has both magnitude
and direction.
Velocity, Displacement, Momentum, Force,

In physics we need vectors because the real

world is (at least) 3 dimensional.
 Location in Space
To locate an object in space we need to establish a
coordinate system with an origin and axes.
Points are located by giving their x and y (and z)
coordinates.
A vector describes a displacement or
from one point to another
y

7 The components of the vector describe

6 A the displacement in the x and y
direction.
5 (1,5) VAB=(4,-2)
4 B Two vectors are parallel if they describe
3 (5,3)
the same displacement even if that
2 (3,2) displacement begins at different points.
C
1
x
origin 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
 Vector Addition
A+B=C
Geometrically: Parallel transport the tail of B to the head
of A. The sum goes from the tail of A to the head of B.

Note: This construction only works if head of A is at the tail of

B. Otherwise you need to move B to make that true
Algebraically: Add the components

B(-2,4) A 5 1
C(3,5) B -2 4
C 3 5

A (5,1) Vector addition is commutative and associative

 Problem
Given that q = +12 mC and d = 16 cm,
(a) find the direction and magnitude of the net
electrostatic force exerted on the point charge q2 in
Figure below.
(b) (b) How would your answers to part (a) change if
the distance d were tripled?
 Solution

Draw free body for JUST q2

(12mC ) 24mC ( 24mC ) 36mC

k k
F21 (0.16m) 2 F23 (0.16m) 2
in direction from 1 to 2 in direction from 3 to 2
101N x 303N x
 Solution, contd

F2 (101N 303N ) x 202N in x - direction

B) Tripling the separations decreases all

forces by a factor of 32=9
F2 = 22.4 N, +x direction
Distance and Displacement
A physics teacher
walks 4 meters
East, 2 meters
South, 4 meters
West, and finally 2
meters North.
1. What is the
distance?
2. What is the
displacement?
Distance and Displacement

1. What is the distance?

2. What is the displacement?
Speed and Velocity
The skier has an
average speed of
(420 m) / (3 min) =
140 m/min and an
average velocity of
(140 m, right) / (3
min) = 46.7 m/min,
right
 Velocity along a straight line
Take direction towards right as positive