Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Chapter 6
Manufacturing and
Process Selection
Design
McGraw-Hill/Irwin 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., All Rights Reserved.
3
Types of Processes
Conversion (ex. Iron to steel)
Exhibit
Few High
Exhibit Low Multiple Major Volume,
6.10
6.10 Volume, Products, Products, High
One of a Low Higher Standard-
Kind Volume Volume ization
I. Commercial Flexibility (High)
Job Printer Unit Cost (High)
Shop French These
Restaurant
Theseare
are
the
themajor
major
II. Heavy stages
stagesof
of
Batch Equipment product
product
III. and
and
Automobile process
process
Assembly Assembly
Line life
lifecycles
cycles
Burger King
IV.
Sugar
Continuous Refinery Flexibility (Low)
Flow Unit Cost (Low)
Break-Even Analysis
A standard approach to choosing among
alternative processes or equipment
Model seeks to determine the point in
units produced (and sold) where we will
start making profit on the process or
equipment
Model seeks to determine the point in
units produced (and sold) where total
revenue and total cost are equal
Purchase
Purchasecost
costof
ofprocess
processororequipment
equipment
Price
Priceper
perunit
unit --Cost
Costper
perunit
unit
or
or
Total
Totalfixed
fixedcosts
costsofofprocess
processor
orequipment
equipment
Unit
Unitprice
priceto
tocustomer
customer --Variable
Variablecosts
costsper
perunit
unit
Example:
Example: Suppose
Supposeyou youwant
want to
to purchase
purchaseaanew new
computer
computerthatthatwill
willcost
cost $5,000.
$5,000. ItItwill
willbebeused
usedto to
process
processwritten
writtenorders
ordersfrom
fromcustomers
customerswho whowillwillpay
pay
$25
$25each
each for
for the
the service.
service. TheThecost
costofof labor,
labor, electricity
electricity
and
andthe
the form
formusedusedto toplace
placethe
the order
order isis$5
$5per
per
customer.
customer. HowHow many
many customers
customerswill willwewe need
need toto serve
serve
to
topermit
permit the
thetotal
total revenue
revenuetotobreak-even
break-evenwith withour
our
costs?
costs?
Break-even
Break-even Demand:
Demand:
== Total
Total fixed
fixed costs
costs of
of process
process or
or equip.
equip.
Unit
Unit price
price to
to customer
customer Variable
Variable costs
costs
=5,000/(25-5)
=5,000/(25-5)
=250
=250 customers
customers
McGraw-Hill/Irwin 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., All Rights Reserved.
9
From
FromExhibit
Exhibit5.14
5.14
Lockring
4
Spacer, detent spring
5
SA-2 A-2
Rivets (2)
6
Spring-detent
7
A-5
Component/Assy Operation
Inspection
Yes
Return to
Supplier for
Credit
End of Chapter 6