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WiFi : 802.11 Wireless Lan

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Contents

1 WiFi : 802.11 Wireless Lan

2 Channels and Association

3 The 802.11 MAC Protocol

4 Dealing with Hidden Terminals: RTS and CTS

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Contents

5 The IEEE 802.11 Frame

6 Advanced Feature in 802.11

7 Power management

8 Personal Area Networks

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WiFi : 802.11 Wireless Lan

IEEE 802.11 Wireless LAN WiFi

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WiFi : 802.11 Wireless Lan

802.11

802.11b 2.4 - 2.485 GHz Up to 11 Mbps
802.11a 5.1 - 5.8 GHz Up to 54 Mbps
802.11g 2.4 - 2.285 GHz Up to 54 Mbps

802.11g
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WiFi : 802.11 Wireless Lan

3
1. Access protocol CSMA/CA
2.
3. (Transmission rate)

4. Infrastructure mode Ad hoc mode
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WiFi : 802.11 Wireless Lan

3
1. 802.11a 802.11b

2. 802.11g 802.11b
802.11a

802.11b 2.4 - 2.485 GHz Up to 11 Mbps
802.11a 5.1 - 5.8 GHz Up to 54 Mbps
802.11g 2.4 - 2.285 GHz Up to 54 Mbps
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WiFi : 802.11 Wireless Lan

802.11 BSS (Basic service set)

2
1. Infrastructure wireless LANs
2. Ad hoc network
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WiFi : 802.11 Wireless Lan

1. Infrastructure wireless LANs

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WiFi : 802.11 Wireless Lan

2. Ad hoc network
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Channels and Association

Channel
Associate AP
Network admin AP Service Set Identifier (SSID)
AP Channel
SSID 2-32 AP

802.11 11 Channels
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Channels and Association

Channel
Channel (non-overlapping channel)
5 Channel
3 non-overlapping channel : 1, 6, 11
Channel

4 channel

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Channels and Association

Channel
Channel
WiFi jungle AP




AP Subnet Channel
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Channels and Association

Association
AP
AP 2
1.Passive scanning
2.Active scanning
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Channels and Association

Association - Passive scanning

AP Beacon frames
Beacon frames SSID AP MAC address
scan 11 Channel Beacon frames
APs
AP Association AP
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Channels and Association

Association - Active scanning

Broadcast Probe frame APs
APs Probe request frame
Association request frame AP Join
subnet
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Channels and Association

Association - Authentication
2
1.Mac address
2.Username / Password
2 AP Server Authentication
server
Authentication server
Protocol RADIUS DIAMETER
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The 802.11 MAC Protocol

Multiple access protocol

Protocol
3
Random access
Channel partitioning ( CDMA)
Taking turns
802.11 Wireless LANS CSMA/CA (Carrier sense
multiple access with collision avoidance)
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The 802.11 MAC Protocol

CSMA/CD
Carrier sense multiple access with collision detection
- Channel


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The 802.11 MAC Protocol

CSMA/CD
802.11
1. ( )

Hardware Bandwidth

2.

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The 802.11 MAC Protocol

CSMA/CA
Carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance
- Channel
Channel
link-layer acknowledgement
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The 802.11 MAC Protocol

CSMA/CA
CSMA/CA
1. Channel
Distrubuted Inter-frame
Space (DIFS)
2. Backoff
Channel Backoff
Channel Backoff
3. Backoff 0 Ack frame
4. Ack frame
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The 802.11 MAC Protocol

CSMA/CA

802.11 uses link-layer acknowledgements

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The 802.11 MAC Protocol

CSMA/CD CSMA/CA

2
3
CSMA/CD 3

CSMA/CA

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The 802.11 MAC Protocol

CSMA/CD CSMA/CA
CSMA/CA
Channel Backoff (
)
Channel 2
1

1. 2
2. 2 Backoff
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Dealing with Hidden Terminals:
RTS and CTS
802.11 MAC protocol

Hidden Terminal example: H1 is hidden from H2, and vice versa

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Dealing with Hidden Terminals:
RTS and CTS
IEEE 802.11 protocol
Request to Send (RTS) Clear to Send (CTS)
Channel
Broadcast RTS ( Range
)
RTS Ack frame AP
AP RTS Broadcast CTS


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Dealing with Hidden Terminals:
RTS and CTS

Collision avoidance using the RTS and CTS frames

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Dealing with Hidden Terminals:
RTS and CTS
RTS CTS
1.
Channel
2. RTS CTS
Channel

RTS CTS
1. (Delay)
2.
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The IEEE 802.11 Frame

Address Fields
the 802.11 frame address 4 fields address 6 bytes
Address 2 MAC address ( AP A
MAC address A address )
Address 1 MAC address
Address 3 MAC address router
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R1 IP address H1 ARP MAC address H1

H1 MAC address Ethernet frame.
field Address frame R1 MAC address
field address H1 MAC address
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Mobility in the Same IP Subnet

H1 BBS1
BBS2 IP address

Switch Frame H1

H1
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Advanced Feature in 802.11

Rate Adaptation

SNR
(physical layer)
SNR , BER
base
station
BER
switch BER

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Power management

Node-to-AP : I am going to sleep until next beacon frame

AP frames node
Node beacon frame

Beacon frame list mobiles AP-to-mobile frames

node AP-to-mobile frames
sleep beacon frame
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Personal Area Networks

- 10
- (mouse, keyboard,
headphones)
- Ad hoc
- master/slave
slaves master
master
- 802.15
Bluetooth
2.4-2.5 GHz radio band 721 kbps
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