LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION

Science 7
CELLS

basic unit of life

carries out
functions such as
metabolism,
reproduction, and
growth
comes in various
shapes and sizes
CELLS
BACTERIUM -
have only one cell

PLANTS AND
ANIMALS - have
numerous cells
ANIMAL AND PLANT CELL
ANIMAL AND PLANT CELL

ORGANELLES - tiny parts found in the cells

that have particular functions.

CELL MEMBRANE - thin skin that controls

the flow of substances that pass in and out
of the cell.
- supports and protects the cell
- food and oxygen enters, waste materials
exits
ANIMAL AND PLANT CELL
NUCLEUS - controls the chemical reactions that
takes place in the cell
-controls all the activities made by the cell

CYTOPLASM - chemical factory of the cell

- builds new substances from materials taken
into the cell
- region that separates the cell membrane from
the nucleus
- where organelles are found
ANIMAL AND PLANT CELL

MITOCHONDRIA (singular: Mitochondrion)

- releases energy for the cell to use
- powerhouse of the cell
- the more the mitochondria in the cell, the
more active the cell is

VACUOLE - storage of food, water and

waste products
ANIMAL AND PLANT CELL

LYSOSOME - takes charge of cleaning

- helps in the digestive activities of the cell
- breaks down the food and passes it to the
mitochondria to convert it to energy
- digests old cell parts, the neregy from
these old cell parts are used to build new
parts for the cells
ANIMAL AND PLANT CELL
ANIMAL AND PLANT CELL

Structures in plant and animal cell that are

different from the other:

CELL WALL - found only in plants

- important for the growth of the plant
- composed of CELLULOSE which is a
nonliving substance
- reason why the plant cell always appear to
be rectangular in shape
ANIMAL AND PLANT CELL

Structures in plant and animal cell that are

different from the other:

CHLOROPLASTS - found only in plants

- stores the green pigment called
CHLOROPHYLL, which absorbs energy
from the sun
TISSUES

formed when cells with similar tasks are

grouped together
examples:
ORGANS
group of tissues
that work together
to do certain tasks
within a living thing
composed of
different kinds of
tissues
example:
animals: HEART
plants: LEAVES
ORGANS
ORGANS

STEM - has tissues that are responsible

for transporting water and nutrients
has tissues that carry food to other organs
SKIN - largest organ in the human body
protects the body
excretes waste products in the form of sweat
helps regulate body temperature
ORGAN SYSTEM

organs working together and doing a

specific task
ORGAN SYSTEMS
ORGAN SYSTEM

Circulatory System
transports gasses and nutrients carried by the
blood throughout the body
Nervous System
monitors and manages the functions of every
organ
Respiratory System
takes in oxygen from the environment to
provide gas for the body and release carbon
dioxide
ORGAN SYSTEM

Skeletal System
protects, supports, and gives shape to the
body
Endocrine System
maintains growth of the body and maintains
internal environment in response to the
changes of the outside environment
Reproductive System
helps organism produce offspring
ORGAN SYSTEM

Digestive System
breaks down food to provide energy and
nutrients for the body
Excretory System
removes wastes from the body
Lymphatic System
defends the body from infection
ORGAN SYSTEM

Muscular System
enables the body to move
Integumentary System
protects the internal organs and keeps body
from dehydration
The Levels of Organization
Cellular Level
Atoms molecules organelles cells
Organismal Level
Tissues organs organ systems
Population Level
Population species biological community
Ecosystem Level
Biological community + physical habitat (soil, water,
atmosphere)
The Biosphere
The entire planet thought of as an ecosystem
22
4
COMMON DISEASES THAT AFFECT
MAJOR ORGANS AND THEIR
TREATMENT
COMMON COLD
a viral infection of the upper respiratory system
can occur anytime throughout the year
SYMPTOMS: runny nose, red eyes, sneezing,
sore throat, dry cough, headache
TREATMENT: plenty of rest, drink plenty of liquid
PNEUMONIA
an infection that affects the bronchial tubes
and lungs
SYMPTOMS:
cough with yellow green sputum, fever and
shaking chills, rapid and shallow breathing,
chest-wall pain, fatigue
TREATMENT:
plenty of rest, take all the medications dutifully,
drink 8-10 glasses of water everyday
HEART ATTACK

common heart illnes, often called the

silent killer
caused by blockage of complete blood
flow to a part of the heart muscles
INDICATIONS: chest pain, rapid and
irregular heartbeat, sweating, shortness of
breath, and vomiting
WHAT TO DO: go to the nearest hospital, let
person sit down, loosen all tight clothing
ULCER
sore in the lining of the stomach or the upper
intestine
may be caused by bacteria, stress or by
frequent use of certain medications.
SYMPTOMS: pain between the navel and the
breast bone, pain occuring between meals,
bloating and vomiting after meals
TREATMENT: avoid spicy foods and drinks with
caffeine, try small frequent meals, antacid
PREVENTION OF DISEASES

eat well
exercise
proper hygiene
regular check up