Design Of Wind Turbine Blades Using

Modified NACA 4412 And 4415

Burhannudin Dahlan , Endarko

Physics Department, Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Science, Institut
Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, hanlabora@gmail.com
Physics Department, Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Science, Institut
Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, endarko@physics.its.ac.id
INTRODUCTION

A windmill extract electricity from wind by slowing the

flow of the wind. The theoretical maximum fraction
derived from wind power that can be taken by the
windmills ideal worth is 0.5925, called the Betz
coefficient (Cp). Because the aerodynamic imperfection
in every practical machine will happen to lose power, the
power that is extracted is reduced. [2].
Geometry wind turbine rotor blade in determining the
amount of power that can be drawn from the wind at a
certain speed.
Shape cross-sectional area of the rotor blade suffered
some force from the effects of wind, styles include Lift,
Drag and Trust
 In order vane element analysis, it is assumed that the propeller is divided into
sections based on the N. analysis in asusmsi element - the element is
homogeneous and the aerodynamic forces on the vane element is only
determined by the coefficient of lift and drag [4].
HAWT very sensitive to changes in the profile propeller and design. Tip Speed
Ratio is the ratio between the linear velocity of the wind speed of the rotor tip.

r

V
Designing the shape and number of propellers Betz refers to the method that
provides the basic shape of the blades of modern wind turbines. However, in
practice the more advanced methods of optimization are often used.
 The following equation can be used in designing the shape and number of
vanes [5] [6].
R
16R
Cr r
9 BC L
to determine the twist is to determine the flow angle () of each element.
Flow Angle each element obtained from the formula

2 1
tan 1
3 r
r is the ratio of the linear velocity of the wind speed blade element to the
elements 1,2,3 ... .. 10 that is different
r
r
R
So that the twist angle () can be obtained by using the formula:

 The ideal form of propeller airfoil shape, because the shape can absorb the
kinetic energy of wind into mechanical energy with the maximum swivel.
Airfoil cross-section shape has been standardized by the NACA (National
Advisory Committee for Aeronautics).
 EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS
In this study will be developed manufacture windmill blades at low wind
speeds (3-12 m / s) by simulating determination NACA airfoil using softwer
Qblade v08,
NACA series used are 4412 and 4415 with the Reynolds number 100000-
1000000, 1 meter long rotor by dividing into 10 elements used for the NACA
4412 angel of attack 6 and the lift coefficient 1.12. for the NACA 4415 while
use 6.50 angel of attack and the lift coefficient 1.18 all these parameters
obtained with the initial simulation using Qblade.
Analysis and comparison of simulated turbine rotor blade NACA 4412 and 4415
by performing analysis coefficient aerodynamic lift coefficient that is against
the drag coefficient (Cl / Cd) to the angel of attack (), the wind speed 3-12
m / s then performed simulations power the output of the wind on the rotor
speed of 300 rpm
 RESULT AND DISCUSSION

the results of the simulation Blade Element Momentum

1.8
for the lift coefficient comparison of the Angel of Attack
1.6
on the variation of the Reynolds number in order to
1.4
obtain parameter values that will be used to determine
1.2
the geometry of the blade on each Reynolds Numbers
1.0
NACA 4412
The maximum value of lift coefficient of the angle of
Cl

0.8
NACA 4415
attack is a condition stall, stall condition is necessary to
0.6
control the wind turbine from damage due to high rotor
0.4
rotation in conditions of high wind speed
0.2
NACA 4412 stall condition obtained at Reynolds number
0.0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 1000000 with 16.28 lift coefficient at 15 maximum angle
Alfa
of attack. while for the NACA 4415 stall condition
obtained at Reynolds number 1000000 with 1.631 lift
coefficient at the maximum angle of attack 15.5 .
 Cl to Cd ratio or commonly called the glide ratio ratio
Coefficient merupaan lift against drag coeficient, wherein when
the lift coefficient greater than the drag coefficient, the rotor
can spin well, and vice versa.
igure 4 shows the trend of changes Cl / Cd against Angle of
attack, both NACA has a different trend, for the NACA 4412 at
Angel Of Attack 0 meiliki value Cl/Cd beginning 69.17 NACA
4415 while the value of Cl/Cd initial 62.0, the maximum point
Cl/Cd for NACA 4412 and NACA 4415 Angel of attack occurred at
6 and 6.5 with Cl/Cd each worth 133.64 and 129.1, the overall
maximum value Cl / Cd occurs at Reynolds number 1000000
 NACA 4412 NACA 4415

Chord Twitz Chord Twitz After the rotor element analysis obtained by using the best
0.10 13.51 0.09 13.51 design Reynolds number 1000000 as presented in Table 1.
0.10 12.45 0.09 12.45 Overall taperless have the same chord length varying with
0.08 11.39 0.09 11.39 the angle twits, in this study twits angle between NACA
NACA 4412 and 4415 have in common with different chord
0.10 10.34 0.09 10.34
value is to NACA 4412 with a chord length of 0.1 m and 0:09
0.10 9.28 0.09 9.28
m for the NACA 4415.
0.10 8.22 0.09 8.23
0.10 7.17 0.09 7.17
0.10 6.11 0.09 6.11
0.10 5.06 0.09 5.06
0.10 4.00 0.09 4.00
 The next element is tested using Qblade blades at a wind
speed of 3-12 m / s for Reynolds number 100000 and the
rotational speed of the rotor of 300 rpm.
From the graph NACA 4412 began to provide power at a
wind speed of 3 m/s with 11.21 watts of power while the
NACA 4415 began providing power at wind speeds of 2.5
m/s with 7.29 watts of power while the wind speed of 3
m/s NACA 4415 has a 16.45 m/s, while the maximum wind
speed of 12 m/s NACA 4412 has the power 872.02 watts
and 298.81 watts for NACA 4415
 CONCLUSION
At wind speeds of 3-12 m/s Reynolds number is suitable for use in this study is
the Reynolds number 1000000, the results of the simulation of the Reynolds
number provides an increase in the Reynolds number is lower. NACA 4412
provides many advantages when compared with NACA 4415. NACA 4412
provides value Cl/Cd and power that are more substantial when Compared
with these NACA 4415 at the same wind speed.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The author thank for The Ministry of Education, Lentera Angin Nusantara
(LAN), Science and Technology of Indonesia was supported by BPPDN program
Scholarship