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A poorly protected
surface can be a big
mistake - So dont
compromise ...
Galvanize!
Corroded Galvanized
The most common corrosion reaction is the
rusting of iron in water
4 Fe + 6 H2O + 3 O2 <--> 4 Fe(OH)3
Cathodic Protection
http://www.videopediaworld.com/video/41136/Deconstruction-Building-a-House-Galvanizing-Nails
The oxidation of zinc is more likely than the oxidation of iron.
*
*
Vernier Calipers
Outer diameter
To Weigh: Place filter paper on the balance. Tare. (Set the balance to zero.)
Place the washer on the filter paper. Record weight.
Zinc Coating Experiment
5. In an 100 ml beaker, get ~60 ml of 3M HCl.
7. Dip the washer in the beaker of HCl and observe the reaction.
Zn (s) + 2 HCl H2(g) + ZnCl2 (aq)
Zeros between non-zero digits are significant, for example, 12.507 has five
significant figures.
Zeros to the left of the first non-zero digit are not significant, for example,
1.02 has three significant figures, 0.12 has two significant figures, and 0.012
also has two significant figures.
If a number ends in zeros to the right of the decimal point, those zeros are
significant, for example, 2.0 has two significant figures and 2.00 has three
significant figures.
X i
means sum
X i 1
N
The average or mean of a set of numbers, Xi, is found by adding the
numbers and dividing by the number of values, N.
Thus the average of 3, 5, 7, 3, and 5 = 23 / 5 or 4.6.
The Standard Deviation
The standard deviation, a measure of the spread of N values, Xi,
about the average value, , a measure of precision, is given by,
N
i
( X ) 2
i 1
N
The standard deviation is used for large populations, N 30.
i
( X X ) 2 Estimate of the
Standard Deviation
s i 1
because we have a
N 1 small data set.
Confidence Limit
t
X
N
where t is Students t-factor.
0.006
0.005 1
Volume (cm)^3
0.004 2
3
0.003
4
0.002 5
0.001 Average
0.000
Washers
Important Note: Each student must make their own graphs. If both lab partners submit
identical graphs, then each lab partner will receive a zero score for the graphs or 0/12 pts.
Surface Area of Washers
Graph #2
12.1
12.0
Thickness of Washers
Graph #3
18000
16000
Thickness (atoms)
14000 1
12000 2
10000 3
8000 4
6000 5
4000
Average
2000
0
Washers
Hazards for Zinc Experiment
Reactant: 3 M HCl is a corrosive strong acid.
(If spilled, NaHCO3 will be used to neutralize.)
Stockroom Information
Before Experiment Check Out:
5 Zinc coated washers 1 set of Vernier calipers*
5 pieces of filter paper 1 piece of Copper wire*
After Experiment:
Place in Used Solids bucket: *Return to Stockroom:
5 washers with Zinc coating removed 1 set of Vernier calipers
5 pieces of filter paper 1 piece of Copper wire