NSO A Field Geology

ExxonMobil Oil Indonesia Inc.
The NSO A Gas Field

by
Mark Catanzano & Thomas Gundlach
Introduction
General regional and field history

Data Quality
geophysical
geological
log and core data
1994 geologic model
2000/3 geologic reinterpretation
seismic reinterpretation
gross depositional framework
field geological framework (deposition + diagenesis)
2003 geologic model
property modeling
model results
Introduction
NSO BLOCK
The NSO A gas field is located
100km offshore North Sumatra in
B BLOCK 350 ft water depth
'A'
Sumatra 'J'
'XLLL' 'S'
NSO 'R'
PASE BLOCK
A BLOCK OBO
P.T. Arun LNG Plant &

MALACCA STRAIT
Contract Obtained: NSO Onshore Facilities
1968 (to 1998) OPEN

OPEN
Contract Extended: Rayeu

'B'
OPEN
'B'
1998 (to 2018) Arun
PASE II
Commercial approval PASE I
C1 XD
for development D A South Lho
Sukon
B
in 1981 RESERVE Pase
B
RESOURCE
PROSPECT Pase
A
'A'
25 kms
Field History
Discovered by NSB-A1 in 1972

Large >1Tcf carbonate reservoir dry gas accumulation
Malacca limestone and Tampur dolomite
Delineated by 6 further wells up to 1990
av. net pay 262
av. porosity 23.1%, av Sw 8.3%
GWC defined by pressures and logs @ 4388 tvdss
wireline data acquisition difficult
lost circulation in dolomite fracture zones
Development wells P1-P9 drilled May-Dec 1997
all crestal wells with no great surprises
limited data acquisition program-costs
Regional Setting
Malacca Limestone
lower-mid Miocene
Arun/Peutu
equivalent
Deposited on
Malacca shelf
Sea level fluctuations
control
buildup morphology
exposure and
diagenesis
Tampur Dolomite
Eocene
long exposure
very little known of
detailed history
Age Dating
87Sr/86Sr vs Age in Ma, Cepu, Arun and NSO

Regional Setting
NSB A-3
BAONG ONLAP
NSO A BUILD_UP
2D line nso81 32
SEISMIC DATABASE
Geophysical Database
3D surveys
2D lines
in white
3D and 2D seismic North Sumatra off-shore covering the A field and adjacent satellites
Seismic Database
SW NE
Traverse SW/NE through NSO A Field with obvious onlap pattern in Baong Fm
Seismic Database
E W
Inline 2425
Seismic Database
S N
A Field
2D line nsb90-16
DATA QUALITY
SEISMIC
Seismic Data Quality
Original processing (left) and 2D seismic line nso81-32 rep (right)

Seismic Data Quality
3D seismic x-line 1492 (left) and 2D seismic line nso81-63

Geophysical Description
W-E line shows general structural configuration

Tampur spires with Malacca infill
N-S trace shows potential sequences and internal character
well ties difficult, low impedance contrast, poor log coverage at top of
reservoir
potential flat spot, polarity flip in top reservoir at GWC
sequence mapping based on internal character and stepped edges
seismic attributes possibly significant but not calibrated
Depth conversion straightforward
V0, k: Vinst increasing linearly with depth
dummy V0 average points constrain gridding
spill point to NE matches GWC
Depth structure shows no significant change from TWT
Geophysical Description - Synthetic Tie
Detail Of NSB A-1 Logs And Synthetic Tie To Seismic

Extracted wavelet
full log length
good character match at location
top Malacca picked at zero crossing
NSO TWT Map - showing line locations
Trace 984
A-6
Line 2760
A-3
NSO TWT Map - showing line locations
Trace 984
A-6
Line 2760
A-3
NSO 3D Line 2760
NSO A-6
Top Malacca
Top Dolomite
Basement
NSO 3D Trace 984
Progressive onlap
Flooding surface
Stepped edges
NSO A-3
Sequence picks Internal character

changes
NSO Depth Structure
Example Seismic Line Showing Nature Of Polarity Flip At GWC
1320ms
1360ms
Typical Sequence RMS Amplitude Extraction
Primary facies
distribution?
accumulation
space
wave/current
action
analogue facies
distributions
attempt to
qualify with
seismic
attributes
BUT do they
mean anything?
DATA QUALITY
LOG AND CORE

NSO Log and Core Data
Database History
7 vertical appraisal wells Extensively studied for POD and development confirmation study
6 with logs of mixed quality/coverage GIIP
extensive drilling control problems Reserves
casing set in top reservoir Compressibility/subsidence
3 penetrations of GWC Simulation/production sensitivities
4 in gas leg only
5 with checkshot survey Not redescribed after drilling of production wells in 1997 until 2003
169 of core seismic interpretation updated
9 production wells internal markers added
1 vertical, 8 high angle/horizontal core described including in production wells
3 with checkshot survey petrophysics re-evaluated
5 with LWD logs of dubious quality updated zonation to reflect seismic and core descriptions
206 of core
Well Core Examined Comments
NSB A-1 4039 - 42 Bags of core fragments and debris

5016 - 24 Fractured meta-sedimentary basement
NSB A-3 4250 -53, 57 - 68 missing 5760 - 65
5354 - 58 2' core and core fragments in box
NSB A-4 4263 - 64 12 pieces of core fragments
4298 - 4304 2 boxes both marked same - boxes contain core fragments
NSB A-6 4075 - 77 Bag of core fragments and debris
NSB A-7 3910 - 46 Approx. 1/3 of core as fragments and debris
3966 - 4012 Core +/- 90% preserved
4022 - 28 1/2 of core missing, mostly bags of debris and core fragments
4028 - 73 core +/- 90% preserved, 8' Dolomite at base
NSO P-2st1 6931 - 72 Core slabbed in PVC sleeves, GT 90% preserved
NSO P-4 6364 - 6418 Core slabbed in PVC sleeves, GT 90% preserved
NSO P-5 4142 - 4200 Core slabbed in PVC sleeves, GT 90% preserved
NSO P-9 6621 - 76 Core slabbed in PVC sleeves, GT 90% present - disaggregates
to touch - fabric not determinable
West-East Cross Section
WEST EAST
A-6 A-3 P-1 A-1 P-9 A-7 P-7 A-5 A-4
0 GR
150
IND/SPLCD
0.001
FEET 10000 0.001IND/SPLCD
FEET 10000 IND/SPLCD
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
FEET 10000
TVDSS
0 GR/SPLCD
150 TVDSS
0 GR/SPLCD
150 TVDSS
0 GR/SPLCD
150 TVDSS
0 GR/SPLCD
150 TVDSS
0 GR/SPLCD
150 TVDSS
0 GR/SPLCD
150
-3500 -3500 -3500 -3500 -3500 -3500 -3500
-3600 -3600 -3600 -3600 -3600 -3600
-3700 -3700 -3700 -3700 -3700 -3700
-3800 -3800 -3800 -3800 -3800
KEUTAPANG -3800
-3900 -3900 -3900 -3900 -3900 -3900

DST#2A
CORE#1 CORE 1
-4000 -4000 -4000
CORE 1 -4000
TO 4
-4000 -4000 -4000
DST#1
-4100 -4100 -4100 DST#4 -4100 -4100 -4100
8.4 MMCFG/D CORE#1
5/8" choke
-4200
DST#1 -4200 -4200
DST#1A -4200 -4200
CORE#2 CORE#1
DST#1 CORE#2 DST#1
GWC CORE#3
-4300 -4300
DST#3 -4300 -4300 -4300
-4400 -4400 -4400 -4400 -4400

DST#1
@ 4388
-4500 -4500 -4500
MALACCA.LS
-4600
-4700
-4800
TAMPUR
-4900
CORE#2
-5000
BASEMENT
A-2
P-3 P-4
A-4
P-2
-5500 P-5 P-6
P-1
A-6 A-1 P-7
P-7
A-3
P-9 A-5
P-8
NSO A-3 Composite Log
Phi_96
Por_DT
cpor_ob
4106MD
2000/3 Petrophysics
results so far are similar to the
1996 study (3D porosity
mapping)
data quality & limited core in
vertical wells
integrating available P wells
4419MD GWC
Nuclear
Resistivity
Gamma DT
4500MD
NSO P-6 Composite Log
NSO P wells - general
limited data through reservoir
data gaps due to tool failures & loss of
returns
saturated resistivity NSO P6
large N/D gas effect Good to excellent porosity across a 100% net reservoir
all but NSO P-5 in upper layer characterises horizontal to high angle producers in the field.
(Black curve in the uppermost track is a representation of the wellpath in TVDSS)
NSO Core Interpretation
LITHOTYPES IN CORES
BOUNDSTONE
RUDSTONE
FLOATSTONE
CORAL SKELETAL PACKSTONE
SKELETAL PACKSTONE
SKELETAL WACKESTONE
MUDSTONE
DOLOSTONE
Packstone
CARBONATE DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENTS (CDE)

Packstone REEF - Boundstone and Rudstone
PROXIMAL REEF - Rudstone and Floatstone
DISTAL REEF / SHOAL - Coarse Coral Floatstone and Coral Skeletal Packstone
PLATFORM INTERIOR - Skeletal Wackestone, Sparse Floatstone, and Mudstone
DEEPER PLATFORM - Skeletal Packstone and Skeletal Wackestone
Boundstone
Core Data Base

Conventional cores from the upper portion of the Malacca Limestone are available in six wells.
These wells are distributed around the field in the E and F stratigraphic Zones
One well cored below the E Zone
Observations
Sediment in cores from the northern wells is coarser textured than sediment in cores from the southern wells.
The P-2st1 and P-4 wells are located in the northern portion of the field and are composed dominantly of
Reef and Near Reeffacies.
The A-3, A-7, P-5, and P-9 wells are all located in the central to southern half of the field and are
composed of Distal Reef and Platform Interior facies.
The P-9 well is the southern-most well with a core, and it was the well with the least amount of coarse
material
Cores on the platform proper contain abundant coarse coral material.
The A-7 well, in the southern portion of the field, is anomalous in that it contains a greater percentage of
coarse material than the other southern wells
Conclusions
These observations point to an energy gradient form North to South across the platform with an
anomaly in the A-7 area.
This is consistent with the dominant direction of wind and wave energy impinging on the platform
from the northwest. The northwest margin of the platform would be open to waves and winds
coming off the Indian Ocean.
The platform is relatively small (approximately 5 km across in the windward direction) and energy
levels appear be quite high across the entire platform.
The textural anomaly in the A-7 core is interpreted to be the result of the well's location on the apex of
the highest dolomite spire in the field .
1994 GEOLOGIC MODEL

1994 Depositional Model
End Reef
Flood
Reef
Near or
inter reef
Mid Reef
Dolomite
Basement
Early Reef
1994 Model Zonation
reservoir quality variable
model: N-S pinnacle trends linked by inter-reef detrial fills, serving to coalesce into one structure
ZONE 1
WEST EAST limestone(exposed surf)
best quality
A-3 A-1 A-7 A-4 27.5% porosity; Sw = 0.08
100+ md (ke)
boundstone
ZONE1
-4000 -4000
ZONE 2/2A
limestone
-4100 -4100 -4100
-4100
reservoir bulk
22.5% porosity; Sw=0.10-0.15
50-100 md
ZONE 2 packstone-grainstone
-4200 -4200
ZONE 2A
ZONE 3/3A
-4300
ZONE 3A-4300 platform/localizeddolomite
12.5% porosity; Sw =0.15-0.30
10 md
-4400 -4400
dolomite has vert. fractures
GWC @ 4388ss ZONE 3 ZONE 3A very productiive
-4500 -4500
COMPARISON OF 1994 and CURRENT RESERVOIR AREAS
NSO P-3
NSB A-2
NSB A-4
NSO P-3 ST1

NSO P-4
NSO P-2 ST1

NSO P-2
NSO P-6
NSO P-5
NSB A-6
NSB A-1
NSO P-1
NSB A-7
NSB A-3
NSB A-5
NSO P-9 NSO P-7
NSO P-8
GWC lines
MODEL 1994 vs 2000
SCALE DRAWN DATE
11-FEB-20 00
DRAWING
1:12000
METERS 0 500 METERS
2000/3 G&G REINTERPRETATION
Depositional and diagenetic framework

Key Uncertainties
Detailed reservoir zonation

fair log quality
limited core available for core/log and facies calibration
limited vertical penetration in most exploration and development
wells
Moderate seismic quality
fair well ties
some multiple/resolution issues
Gross Depositional Model
Major extensional faults east and west
sets up gross Malacca reef building
environment
Basement faults set up positive linear
topography
Tampur dolomitized and preserved relict
karst topography (up to 250 ms)
Tampur topo. - impact on Malacca

form linear island chains during
Malacca reef building
control current circulation and
exposure to wave action
Gross Depositional Model - Tampur Analog
Evidence to support
prominent Tampur
spires
Analogue geology
karst topography
preserved island cliffs
Gross Depositional Model - Malacca Conceptual Model
2000/3 GEOLOGIC MODELLING

ACTIVITIES
Construction of 3D geocellular model

Geophysical and Geologic inputs
2003 3D Geologic Model Objectives and Methodology
Progressive Stepped Flood surface
Objectives onlap edges
NSO A-3
Build best estimate geocellular model
of NSO A field
suitable for upscale to reservoir
simulation
Bracket volumetric uncertainty in
geoscience model
Sequence Internal character

picks changes
Method
Use Petrel to build geocellular model
Use all available data and interpretations
Consider multiple realizations of the geomodel using
different techniques
Use best estimate geologic properties to build best
estimate geomodel
Example Seismic Line Showing Alternative Structural Interpretations For Top Malacca
HS top Malacca
ML top Malacca
LS top Malacca
NSO A New Zonation
Type Well Log NSB A-1
Log Based Markers
F Top Malacca Limestone
Marker 1 = Base Zone F - Significant Porosity Change

E Gamma Ray Response
Marker 2 = Base Zone E - Significant Porosity Change

D Gamma Ray Response
Marker 3 = Base Zone D - Gamma Ray Response

Bedding Frequency change
C Porosity Decrease up
Marker 4 = Base Zone C - Gamma Ray Response

B Bedding Frequency Change
Porosity increase up
Tampur Dolomite
A
Basement
NSO A New Zonation NSO Seismic line 2500 Detail June 2002
NSO A New Zonation
WEST EAST
A-6 A-3 P-1 A-1 P-9 A-7 P-7 A-5 A-4
IND/SPLCD 0 GR
150
IND/SPLCD IND/SPLCD IND/SPLCD IND/SPLCD IND/SPLCD
0.001
FEET 10000 0.001
FEET 10000 0.001
FEET 10000 0.001FEET 10000 0.001
FEET 10000 0.001
FEET 10000
0 GR/SPLCD
TVDSS
150 0 GR/SPLCD
TVDSS
150 0 GR/SPLCD
TVDSS
150 0 GR/SPLCD
TVDSS
150 0 GR/SPLCD
TVDSS
150 0 GR/SPLCD
TVDSS
150
-3500 -3500 -3500 -3500 -3500 -3500 -3500
-3600 -3600 -3600 -3600 -3600 -3600
-3700 -3700 -3700 -3700 -3700 -3700
-3800 -3800 -3800 -3800 -3800 -3800
-3900 -3900 -3900 -3900 -3900

KEUTAPANG -3900
-4000 -4000 -4000 -4000 -4000 -4000 -4000
-4100 -4100 -4100 -4100 -4100 -4100
F
-4200 -4200 -4200 -4200 -4200
E -4300 -4300 -4300 -4300 -4300
GWC D -4400 -4400 -4400 -4400 -4400
@ 4388
-4500
MALACCA
-4500 -4500
C
-4600
-4700
B -4800
TAMPUR
A -4900
BASEMENT
-5000
BASEMENT
-5500

ACTIVITIES
Property modelling, Porosity

NSO A Porosity Modelling
Model concepts in place
depositional model, diagenetic model
Model Framework in place
structural layers
stratigraphic zonation
petrohysical analysis, core data
Integration and Model Building
how to populate a porosity attribute across
the geocellular volume?
statistical zone porosity sampling
multiple geostatistical porosity realizations
with zone specific properties
2
GeoModel
Log Permeability at OB
1
NSO A-P2ST NSO A-P9 NSO A-P5

-1
NSO A-P4 NSB A-3 NSB A-4
-2
NSB A-7 plug NSB A-7 FD NSB A-7 dol
-3
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Porosity at OB, %
NSO A Porosity Cross Plots
Zonal porosity vertical wells only
160
A1 Zone A Example Porosity Distribution
140
All wells Zone B
All wells Zone C
Histograms
All wells Zone D
120 All vertical wells Zone E
All vertical wells Zone F All log data by zone - top left
100
Actual fequency
80 All core data by facies - bottom right

60
40
20
0
01
03
05
07
09
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
25
27
29
31
33
35
37
39
41
43
45
47
49
e
or
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
M
Core Porosity
effective porosity
45
Generally decreasing porosity with depth 40
Zone F highest porosity 35

Zone E also high porosity
30 Shoal
Zones C&D indistinguishable
Normalised count
Lagoon
25 Near reef
Zone B lower porosity Reef flat/shoal
Zone A small sample 20 Patch reef/near reef

Platform interior
15 Deeper platform
Deeper platform and lagoonal somewhat 10
lower porosity 5
Other facies indistinguishable 0

1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
25
27
29
31
33
35
37
39
41
43
45
47
49
51
More
Porosity (ob) %
Zone F Porosity Cross Plots
Zone F Core Porosity
Zonal porosity Zone F
All horizontal wells Zone F Example Porosity Distribution Histograms Zone F
20 350
18
300
All log data - bottom right
Actual frequency all wells

16
250
Actual frequency
14
Horizontal wells and core - top left
12 200
10
150 Vertical wells and core - bottom left
8
6 100
4
50
2
0 0
1
5
9
13
17
21
25
29
33
37
41
45
49
Porosity Histogram Zone F

Effective porosity 30 70
A1 Zone F 60
Zone F Core Porosity 25
Zonal porosity Zone F A2 Zone F
A3 Zone F
All vertical wells Zone F
A4 Zone F 50
20 70
Actual Frequency, all wells

20 A5 Zone F
18 P5 Zone F
Actual frequency
60 40
16 Zone F Core Porosity
15 All vertical wells Zone F

50
Actual frequency
14
12 30
40
10 10
30 20
8
6 20
5
4 10
10
2
0 0 0 0
1
5
9
13
17
21
25
29
33
37
41
45
49
01
03
05
07
09
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
25
27
29
31
33
35
37
39
41
43
45
47
49
e
or
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
M
Effective porosity
Effective porosity
NSO A Porosity Modeling Scenarios
LOWSIDE SCENARIO BEST ESTIMATE HIGHSIDE SCENARIO
Structural Factors Best Estimate Interp. Best Estimate Interp. Best Estimate Interp.
(Top Malacca, GWC) Best Estimate T/D Model Best Estimate TD Model Best Estimate T/D Model
Best Estimate GWC Best Estimate GWC Best Estimate GWC
Reservoir Model Best Estimate Zonation Best Estimate Zonation Best Estimate Zonation
Lowside Porosity Model Porosity Model from Highside Porosity Model
(Best Est + 3 Pseudo wells Scaled-up actual wells (Best Est + 3 Pseudo Wells
as worst well -2 pu) as best well +2 pu)
Pseudo Well Construction

Low Case High Case
Composite well w/ lowest porosity Composite well w/ highest porosity
Reduce porosity by 2 PU Increase porosity by 2 PU
Use 3 copies of the same well Use 3 copies of the same well
Place in west central portion of field Place in west central portion of field
Place 2 North and 1 South Place 2 North and 1 South
Porosity Attribute Comparisons
RISA POROSITY MODEL
HS POROSITY MODEL
ML POSOSITY MODEL
LS POSOSITY MODEL
Cross section through centre of NSO A Field


ACTIVITIES
Property modeling, Porosity Model Phase 2

NSO Phase 2 Porosity Model - Porosity Distribution Functions in the Reservoir Section
Input Log Data vs Phase 2 ML Porosity Model
Model Porosity
Normal Distr.
Blocked
Blocked Log Data
Log Data
Model Porosity
Normal Distr.
Raw Log Data
Raw Log Data
Cumulative Distribution Function

Histogram
Cumulative Distribution Function
Zones C, D, E, and F Comprise 99% of Gas Reservoir Volume Histogram

Zones E and F Comprise 67% of Gas Reservoir Volume
Comparison of ML and HS Porosity Distribution Functions NSO Phase 2 Porosity Model - Zones E and F
ML Porosity Distribution HS Porosity Distribution
Statistical Parameter Summary
Mean
Model Min Max Mean Stdev
ML logs
HS 0.066 0.462 0.320 0.0547 Max ML
ML 0.066 0.419 0.298 0.0548 HS
ML logs 0.032 0.448 0.299 0.0576 Min
0.000 0.100 0.200 0.300 0.400 0.500

Orthogonal Views Through Final Porosity Model
N S
West-Central Area
W E
Mid-Field

ACTIVITIES
Property modelling, Permeability

Example Permeability Transform Zones F And E
Zones F & E Core Poro-Perm Data

2002 model Zone F&E log Best Data Fit Zonal Differentiation Zones F & E
FD core Overlay of log porosity histograms
10000 160
All vertical wells Zone E
All vertical wells Zone F
140
1000
120
100
100
Actual Frequency
K mD
10 80
60
1
40
0.1
20
0.01 0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Porosity %
Log porosity histograms overlaid
log10 (K) = 1.8591 (ln phi) - 4.043 (K is in mD and phi is in %)

Example Permeability Transform Zones D And C
Core Poro-Perm Data
Best Data Fit Zonal Differentiation Zones D & C
Overlay of log porosity histograms
10000 120
1000 100
100 80
Actual Frequency
K mD
10 60
Zones D & C
2002 model Zone D & C
FD core
1 40
A1 Zone A
All wells Zone B
All wells Zone C
0.1 All wells Zone D 20
0.01 0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Porosity %
Log porosity histograms overlaid
log10(K)= 2.0496(ln phi)-4.9542 (K is in mD and phi is in %)

NSO Model - Permeability Volume from ML Porosity Model - Map Patterns
Zone E Zone E
Representative of Zones E and F
Variogram Range 500m
High Average Permeability
Good Lateral Connectivity Between Wells
Porosity and Permeability Significantly Enhanced by Diagenesis
Non-facies Dependent Distribution of Permeability in Map View
Transform Equation: log10(K)=1.8591(ln(Por)) - 4.043
Zone C
Representative of Zones A to D
Variogram Range 1500m
Moderate to Low Average Permeability
Flow Relationships Between Wells Untested
Diagenetic Enhancement to Porosity and Permeability Offset by
Compaction
Permeability Trends Scaled to Relate to Depositional Facies Belts Zone C
Transform Equation: log10(K)=2.0496(ln(Por)) - 4-9542

ACTIVITIES
Property modelling, Water Saturation

Sw Model
SATURATION HEIGHT PROFILES NSO-A FIELD

Example Sw Height Function
500
NSO-A7 3913' 24.3% / 217mD / 2.7g/cc
Based on NSB A7 capillary pressure curves NSO-A7 3970' 20.5% / 41mD / 2.7g/cc
NSO-A7 4051' 20.5% / 8mD / 2.71g/cc 450
NSO-A7 4055' 36.7% / 161 / 2.71g/cc
Two functions: NSO-A7 4058' 22.6% / 10mD / 2.71g/cc
NSBA5 Sw 400
NSBA3 Sw
1. for porosity over 22% NSBA1 Sw
Initial Height Function
350
low-mod phi Height function
Sw = a * (Height + 30 )^c
300
Height above GWC, ft

Where Sw = water saturation (%)
250
Height = Height above the GWC in ft
200
a = 220 c = -0.7
150
2. for porosity under 22%

100
Sw = a * (Height + 30) ^c 50
Where Sw = water saturation (%) 0

Height = Height above the GWC in ft
-50
a = 475.66 c = -0.6601
-100
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
Water Saturation, %
Water Saturation Attribute Comparisons
ML Sw - 2 Saturation Function Model - Change Over at 22% Porosity
LS Sw - 1 Saturation Function Model - Low Porosity Function Used Throughout
Cross section through centre of NSO A Field


ACTIVITIES
Model Results
NSO A Petrel Geologic Modeling Scenarios
LOWSIDE SCENARIO BEST ESTIMATE HIGHSIDE SCENARIO
Structural Factors Best Estimate Interp. Best Estimate Interp. Best Estimate Interp.
(Top Malacca, GWC) Best Estimate T/D Model Best Estimate TD Model Best Estimate T/D Model
Best Estimate GWC Best Estimate GWC Best Estimate GWC
Reservoir Model Best Estimate Zonation Best Estimate Zonation Best Estimate Zonation
Lowside Porosity Model Porosity Model from Highside Porosity Model
(Best Est + 3 Pseudo wells Scaled-up actual wells (Best Est + 3 Pseudo Wells
as worst well -2 pu) as best well +2 pu)
Key Reservoir Model Parameters
Porosity Logs and Pseudo Wells From Logs Only Logs and Pseudo Wells
Net/Gross 100% 100% 100%
Geostatistics Best Estimate Variogram Best Estimate Variogram Best Estimate Variogram
(Varied by Zone) (Varied By Zone) (Varied by Zone)
Water Sat. Lowside - Single Function Best Estimate - Dual Function Best Estimate - Single Value
(LT 22% Por. Function (LT 22% Porosity and 8% in all cells
used for all) GT 22% Porosity Function)
Tornado Plot Of Sensitivity To GIIP For Various Parameters
Tornado Plot NSO A Field Volumetrics
Percent change of GIIP from Final Model

-60.0% -40.0% -20.0% 0.0% 20.0% 40.0% 60.0%
-40.4% Extreme GRV 50.1%
-21.2% +/- 50' Structure 24%
-4.2% Alt. Mapping 11%
Zmap Model 0.0%
Final Model-ML Case 0%

Cases
Highside cases
-1.5% Sw (0.08 vs 0.18) 6.7% Lowside cases
-7.8% Phase 1 4% cutoff
-16.5% Phase 1 Por Model
-6.7% Var Por Model ML_Sw
-8% Risa Por Model ML_Sw

Breakdown Of Volumetric Calculations - Phase 2 Porosity Model Report
Geologic Model Summary
Incorporates available well, core, and seismic data
Simple geo statistical property distribution - no facies modeled

Significant diagenetic overprint dominates porosity distribution
in the reservoir
Zone specific permeability transform
Resource range addressed through creation of separate models and

varying the Sw property

NSO A Field Geology

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NSO A Field Geology

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ExxonMobil Oil Indonesia Inc.

The NSO A Gas Field

General regional and field history

P.T. Arun LNG Plant &

1968 (to 1998) OPEN

Contract Extended: Rayeu

Discovered by NSB-A1 in 1972

87Sr/86Sr vs Age in Ma, Cepu, Arun and NSO

Original processing (left) and 2D seismic line nso81-32 rep (right)

3D seismic x-line 1492 (left) and 2D seismic line nso81-63

W-E line shows general structural configuration

Detail Of NSB A-1 Logs And Synthetic Tie To Seismic

Sequence picks Internal character

LOG AND CORE

Well Core Examined Comments

NSB A-1 4039 - 42 Bags of core fragments and debris

-3600 -3600 -3600 -3600 -3600 -3600

-3700 -3700 -3700 -3700 -3700 -3700

-3800 -3800 -3800 -3800 -3800

-3900 -3900 -3900 -3900 -3900 -3900

-4400 -4400 -4400 -4400 -4400

CARBONATE DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENTS (CDE)

Core Data Base

1994 GEOLOGIC MODEL

NSO P-3 ST1

NSO P-2 ST1

2000/3 G&G REINTERPRETATION

Depositional and diagenetic framework

Detailed reservoir zonation

Tampur topo. - impact on Malacca

2000/3 GEOLOGIC MODELLING

Construction of 3D geocellular model

Sequence Internal character

Log Based Markers

F Top Malacca Limestone

Marker 1 = Base Zone F - Significant Porosity Change

Marker 2 = Base Zone E - Significant Porosity Change

Marker 3 = Base Zone D - Gamma Ray Response

Marker 4 = Base Zone C - Gamma Ray Response

-3600 -3600 -3600 -3600 -3600 -3600

-3700 -3700 -3700 -3700 -3700 -3700

-3800 -3800 -3800 -3800 -3800 -3800

-3900 -3900 -3900 -3900 -3900

-4000 -4000 -4000 -4000 -4000 -4000 -4000

-4100 -4100 -4100 -4100 -4100 -4100

E -4300 -4300 -4300 -4300 -4300

GWC D -4400 -4400 -4400 -4400 -4400

2000/3 GEOLOGIC MODELLING

Property modelling, Porosity

NSO A-P2ST NSO A-P9 NSO A-P5

80 All core data by facies - bottom right

Generally decreasing porosity with depth 40

Zone F highest porosity 35

Zone A small sample 20 Patch reef/near reef

Deeper platform and lagoonal somewhat 10

Other facies indistinguishable 0

Actual frequency all wells

Porosity Histogram Zone F

Actual Frequency, all wells

15 All vertical wells Zone F

LOWSIDE SCENARIO BEST ESTIMATE HIGHSIDE SCENARIO

Pseudo Well Construction