NUMBERS

For Competitive Exam

Topic : IMPORTANT TYPES OF NUMBERS
1. Natural Numbers
2. Whole numbers
3. Integers
4. Real numbers
5. Imaginary numbers
6. Complex numbers
7. Even and Odd Numbers
8. Prime Numbers
9. Composite Numbers -
NATURAL NUMBERS

The counting numbers {1, 2, 3, } are commonly called natural

numbers.
WHOLE NUMBERS

All counting numbers and 0 form the set of wwhole numbers.

The numbers {0, 1, 2, 3, }.
Examples: 0, 8, 21 and 17463246 are all whole numbers

Whole numbers don't include negative numbers, fractions, or

decimals.
Examples : 1.1 and 3.5 arenotwhole numbers.
INTEGERS

Positive and negative counting numbers, as well as zero:{, -3, -2, -1, 0,
1, 2, 3}.
Integers = { ..., -5, -4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ... }
1. Set of Negative Integers = {-1, -2,-3, -4, -5, ... },
2. Set of Positive Integers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ... }, or
3. Set of all non negative Integers zero {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ... }
but still no fractions allowed!
REAL NUMBERS
The real numbers include all the rational numbers, such as the integer 5
and the fraction 4/3, and all the irrational numbers, such
as 2 (1.41421356, the square root of 2, an irrational algebraic number).
Real Numbers include:
1. Whole Numbers (like 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, etc)
2. Rational Numbers (like 3/4, 0.125, 0.333..., 1.1, etc )
3. Irrational Numbers (like , 2, etc )
Real Numbers can also be positive, negative or zero.
what is NOT a Real Number?
1. Imaginary Numbers like 1 (the square root of minus 1)
are not Real Numbers
2. Infinity is not a Real Number
IMAGINARY NUMBERS
An Imaginary Number, when squared, gives a negative result.
An imaginary number is a complex number that can be written as a real
number multiplied by the imaginary unit i, which is defined by its
property i2 = 1
Example
What is the square root of 9 ?
Answer: = (9 1) = (9) (1) = 3 (1) = 3i
COMPLEX NUMBERS

A complex number is a number that can be expressed in the

form a + bi, where a and b are real numbers and i is the
imaginary unit.
satisfying the equation i2 = 1
a is the real part and b is the imaginary part of the complex
number.
EVEN AND ODD NUMBERS
Even Numbers :

A whole number exactly divisible by 2 is called even numbers.

For example: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16..........................are even number. Or a number

having 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 at its units place is called an even number. 246, 1894, 5468, 100 are
even number.

Any two even numbers which differ from one another by 2 are called consecutive even
number.

Odd Numbers

A whole number which is not exactly divisible by 2 is called an odd number.

For example:3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, are odd number. Or a number having 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 at
its units place is called an odd number.
PRIME NUMBERS
A prime number is a whole number greater than 1, whose only
two whole-number factors are 1 and itself.
The first few prime numbers are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23,
and 29.
For example:
2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 19, 37 etc are prime numbers.
COMPOSITE NUMBERS

Numbers having more than two factors are called as composite numbers.
For example: 4, 6, 8, 10 etc are composite numbers.
A whole number that can be divided evenly by numbers other than 1 or
itself. Example: 9 can be divided evenly by 3 (as well as 1 and 9), so 9 is
a composite number. But 7 cannot be divided evenly (except by 1 and 7),
so is NOT a composite number (it is a prime number).
 Next Video on Prime number.