Professional Documents
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REPRODUCCION
DE ANIMALES
MARINOS
PRESENTA:
Carlos Rolando Evans Ramrez
the EU has made efforts concerning the management of environmental impacts of marine aquaculture through
the implementation of Directives such as Environmental Quality Objectives (EQOs) and Environmental Quality
Standards (EQSs) (Read & Fernandes 2003).
DISCHARGES OF
EFFLUENTS
The organic enrichment causes environmental deterioration of the receiving water bodies and sediments,
by increasing water nutrients, in particular nitrogen and phosphorous Generally, 5295% of the nitrogen
and 85% of the phosphorus input into a marine fish culture system as feed may be lost into the
environment through feed wastage, fish excretion and faeces production
The trend is to increase nutrient retention and reduce hypernutrification and eutrophication
losses as feed quality is improved, such that most N is
excreted in the dissolved form (mainly as ammonia) and
most P as particulate (Piedrahita 2003).
USE OF NATURAL
RESOURCES
USE OF WATER RESOURCES
Frequent exchange and replacement of water is one of the most common solutions used to remove the
excessive nitrogen. However, this approach has restrictions. There are environmental regulations that
limit the release of nutrient-rich water in the environment, including the concern of introducing
pathogens; and pumping vast amounts of water may translate into a high expense
Desinfectantes
As in all animal food production systems, it is necessary to treat farmed fish for
diseases and parasites; although management practices have evolved and fish
husbandry has greatly improved over the past years resulting in a reduction in the use
of some chemicals, particularly the use of antibiotics in most jurisdictions
INTEGRADES MULTIROPHIC ACUACULTURE
AND TROPHIC LEVELS IN ACUACULTURE
Polychaetes
The use of filter-feeding organisms as nutrient (inorganic
and organic) extractors has proven to be a valid
alternative for nutrient bioremediation.
Seaweeds Invertebrates
Bivalves
GRACIAS