Christianity, Hinduism, Buddhism,

Confucianism, Taoism and Islam

z
The Nature of Man:
Oriental
Philosophical View
 CHRISTIANITY
z

Holds that Adam and Eve lost physical immortality for themselves
and all their descendants in the Fall of Man, though this initial
imperishability of the body frame of man was a preternatural
condition.
Christians believe that every person that believes in Christ will be
resurrected;
Bible passages are interpreted as teaching, that the resurrected
body will, like the present body, be both physical (but a renewed
and non-decaying physical body) and spiritual.
 HINDUISM
z

Is the predominant religion of the Indian subcontinent.

It is often referred to as Sanatana Dharma, a Sanskrit phrase
meaning eternal law.
Among its roots is the historical Vedic religion of Iron Age India,
and as such Hinduism is often stated to be the oldest living
religion.
Hinduism starts with the assumption that at the bottom of all
transformation occurring in the world is one enduring reality
comparable to the essence of man.
 z
HINDUISM

Upanishads - the ancient scripture of Hinduism, teaches

that the ultimate ground of the universe is one with the
ground of the thinker himself.
Brahman - is the absolute unmanifested changeless source
of all things and the universe. Brahman is the fullness
toward which all beings are directed. Brahman is identified
with Atman,
Atman - which is the exalted expression of the soul.
 z
HINDUISM

Man consists of five coverings:

a) Annamayatman the material or physical covering of man. It is dependent on
food.
b) Pranamayatman the biological layer, the self as a vital part breathes.

c) Manomayatman the psychological aspect and which consists of the will.

d) Vijnamamayatman the intellectual layer; within it is the seal of consciousness.

e) Anandamayatnan the part that encounters and experiences heaven.

 z
HINDUISM

Man must dispose the five coverings to attain the level of a perfect man. The
physical, biological, psychological, intellectual and bliss compose Atman that is
not the true self but a mere accidental revelation of Brahman.
Salient Features of Hinduism
Reincarnation (samsara) believed that the soul migrates from one body upon
death and re-enters another human or animal body. All spiritual efforts are being
directed toward therelease or moksa from the cycle of rebirth.
Karma the sum and the consequences of a persons actions during the
successive phases of his existence. It determine mans destiny and the nature of
individuals rebirth.
 z
BUDDHISM

Founded by an Indian, Gautama Siddharta (563-483 B.C.). Buddha was his official
title which means The Enlightened One. All that we are is the result of what we
have thought. The mind is everything. What we think, we become.
The Four Noble Truths:
1. Pain and suffering exist.

2. The need to satisfy mans sensual desires is the cause of mans suffering.

3. Suffering ends only when man stops his sensual longings.

4. The path that leads to the ending of suffering is called the Eightfold Path
 z
BUDDHISM
The Eightfold Path:
1. Right Viewpoint, which is the proper understanding of the four noble truths.

2. Right Aspiration, which must go beyond the self.

3. Right Speech, which requires the use of the right words to show courtesy and respect
for others.
4. Right Action, which is consistent with the basic law not to kill, steal, lie, have illicit
sexual relations, and to take intoxicating drinks.
5. Right Livelihood, which is known by not doing harm or pain on others.

6. Right Effort, which is maintaining a life properly moving toward enlightenment.

7. Right Concentration, by controlling emotion, imagination, illusion and self-deception.

8. Right Contemplation, by not giving unnecessary attention to anything that hinders the
attainment of enlighten mentor true knowledge.
 z
BUDDHISM
All things material or immaterial are permanent and unsatisfying. Likewise, man
must realize that his existence is also temporary. Beings consists of five
aggregates or skandhas:
1. matter

2. sensation

3. perception

4. mind

5. consciousness.

When the five aggregates merged, they assume a definite form and is given a
name. Once the aggregates disintegrate, nama-rupa ceases to exist.
 z
BUDDHISM

Nirvana is the supreme state free from suffering and

individual existence. It is a state Buddhists refer to as
"Enlightenment". It is the ultimate goal of all
Buddhists. The attainment of nirvana breaks the
otherwise endless rebirth cycle of reincarnation.
 z
CONFUCIANISM

Developed from the teachings of Confucius which focuses on human morality

and wrong action.
The 5 Relationships:
1. Ruler Subject

2. Father Son

3. Husband Wife

4. Older Brother Younger Brother

5. Older Friend Younger Friend

 z
CONFUCIANISM
Attitudes Governing These
Relationships: Wife : Obedience
Rulers : Kind-heartedness
Older Brother : Politeness
Subject : Loyalty
Younger Brother : Humility and
Father : Love Respect

Son : Filial Piety Older Friend : Humane

Consideration
Husband : Righteous Behavior
Younger Friend : Obedience
 z
TAOISM

also known as Daoism, is a religious or philosophical tradition of

Chinese origin which emphasizes living in harmony with the Tao.
Tao - is the source, pattern and substance of everything that exists.
Taoism differs from Confucianism by not emphasizing rigid rituals
and social order.
In general tend to emphasize wu wei (effortless action),
"naturalness", simplicity, spontaneity, and the Three Treasures:
"compassion", "frugality", and "humility".
 z
TAOISM

Lao-Tzu (also known as Laozi or Lao-Tze) was a Chinese

philosopher credited with founding the philosophical
system of Taoism.
Tao-Te-Ching, Lao-Tzus work which exemplifies his
thought. The name by which he is known is not a personal
name but an honorific title meaning `Old Man or `Old
Teacher.
 z
ISLAM

Islam is a religion that believes in one god. All of its teachings and
beliefs are written out in the Quran.
Quran - (also spelled Quran or Koran). The holy book of Islam.
Muslims believe the Qur'an is the sayings of God.
Muslims - People who follow Islam. Other beliefs and rules about
what Muslims should do come from reports of what Muhammad
taught and did.
Muhammad prophet, believed as Allah's last prophet.
 z
ISLAM

The Five Pillars of Islam

Tawhid declaration of Faith. Allah is the only god.

Sallah prayer of 5 times a day

Zakah charity, 1/40 of income.

Sawm or Siyam - fasting

Hajj (Pilgrimage in English) travelling to Makkah atleast once in a

lifetime.
z
Reported by:

Arjay J. Macalalag
BSEd 2B MAPEH