INTRODUCTION

PART 1: BASIC INFORMATION (July 6, 2017)

QUANTITY TAKE OFF
PART 2: FORMWORKS (July 13)
PART 3: CONCRETE (July 20, 27, Aug. 3)
PART 4: REINFORCING STEEL BARS (Aug. 10, 17, 24)
PART 5: FINISHES & MEFPS (Aug. 31, Sept. 7, 14)
COST ESTIMATE
PART 6: COSTING (Sept. 21, 28)
BATTERY TEST October 12, 2017
CONSTRUCTION COST
ESTIMATING
Part 1 : Basic Information
 ESTIMATOR
The most important person in a general contractors or
subcontractors organization is the estimator. The best contractor
in the area cannot make a profit or stay in business for long if
taken contracts are below the real cost.
 What makes a good estimator.
1. Ability to read and understand contract
documents, with special skills in reading
construction drawings for all specialties
and related specifications.
2. Ability to accurately take off the quantities
of construction work for which he or she is
preparing the detail estimate.
3. Ability to visualize the future building from
drawings, which usually requires some
years of construction site experience.
4. Knowledge of arithmetic, basic geometry,
and statistics.
5. Familiarity with estimating software in
depth and with available building cost
databases.
6. Knowledge of building construction
methods.
7. Knowledge of labor productivity,
crew composition, and impacts of
various forecasted site conditions on
crew output.
8. Possession of office managerial skills
in organizing project-related cost
information.
9. Ability to work under pressure and to
meet all bid requirements and
deadlines.
BUILDING COST ESTIMATES CLASSIFICATION
The first classification, the degree of project definition, is based upon
the percentage of completed architectural and engineering designs. It
defines available input information to the estimator.
The second classification, the end usage of the estimate, is based on
available data progress and covers conceptual estimates for
investment feasibility, and studies funding authorization, budgets, and
contractor detail estimates for lump-sum bidding.
The third classification, the estimate generating methodology, is based
on processes employed to forecast building costs that are stochastic
and deterministic
 MASTER FORMAT
TWO MAJOR DIVISIONS
COMPONENTS
1. Determination of
the quantities of
work
2. Computation of the
prices with those
quantities
 COMPOSITION OF PROJECT PRICE
A. Direct Cost Labor, material and equipment costs of project construction.
Example:
- Costs of formworks, reinforcing steel, concrete
- Costs of labor to build and later strip the formwork, place finish line concrete
- Cost of equipment associated with foundation activities, such as a concrete
mixer

B. Contingency Costs costs that should be added to the costs initially

calculated to take into account events, such as rain or snow that are likely to
occur during the course of the project and affect overall project cost.
 COMPOSITION OF PROJECT PRICE
C. Margin (Sometimes called markup)
Three components:
a. Indirect Costs project specific costs that are not associated with a specific
item. They include such items as the cost of project management, payroll,
preparation, receiving, payable, waste disposal and building permits.
b. Company- wide costs - (1) Costs that are incurred during the course of a
project but are not project related; for example, costs of some portions of
company salaries and rentals. (2) Costs that are incurred before or after a
project; for example, cost of proposal preparation and cost of outside auditing
c. Profit the amount of money that remains from the funds collected from the
client after all costs have been paid.
 CONTRACTORS
GENERAL CONTRACTORS these are experts in either in either new buildings
or alteration work. Assumes overall responsibility for construction of a
building.
SUBCONTRACTORS takes responsibility for the work of various trades
required in construction. For example, a plumbing contractor, electrical
contractor, elevators.
PRIME CONTRACTORS specialty contractor, such as electrical and
mechanical contractors who preform a substantial amount of work.
DESIGN AND BUILD CONTRACTORS - both design and construction of the
building
PROFESSIONAL CONSTRUCTION MANAGER experts with extensive
construction experience.
 STRUCTURAL SYSTEM

Superstructure portion of a
building that extends above the
ground level outside
Substructure portion below the
outside ground level
Foundations substructure that
distribute building loads to the
ground
 EXCAVATION
is a process in which
soil, rock, and other
materials are removed
from a site, typically
with the use of heavy
earthmoving equipment
such as excavators and
bulldozers.
 FOOTINGS
1. To transfer the live
and dead loads of
the building to the
soil over a large
enough area so that
neither the soil nor
the building will
move

2. Shallow foundation
To put it simply, the
function of a structure
is to do nothing.
The most successful
structures stay still.
DIFFERENT KINDS OF FOOTINGS

a. Continuous Spread Footing

b. Individual Spread Footing
c. Pile Footing
 DIFFERENT KINDS OF FOOTINGS
Combined Footings
 DIFFERENT KINDS OF FOOTINGS
Mat Footing
 DEEP FOUNDATION
Pile Foundation System
A geotechnical engineer
would recommend a
deep foundation over a
shallow foundation due
to many reasons:

1. Poor soil
2. Large design loads
3. Site constraints
 DEEP FOUNDATION
Monopile
utilizes a single,
generally large-
diameter, foundation
structural element to
support all the loads
(weight, wind, etc.) of
a large above-surface
structure.
DEEP FOUNDATION
SPECIALTY PILES
Sheet Piles is a
form of driven
piling using thin
interlocking
sheets of steel
to obtain a
continuous
barrier in the
ground.
 SPECIALTY PILES
Sheet Piles
 Footing Tie Beam (FTB)
footing tie beams is to avoid differential settlements
 HORIZONTAL MEMBERS ARE GENERALLY
KNOWN AS BEAMS
Horizontal or inclined
structural member
spanning a distance
between one or more
supports, and carrying
vertical loads across
(transverse to) its
longitudinal axis, as a
girder, joist, purlin, or
rafter.
DIFFERENT NAMES IN SPECIFIC APPLICATIONS
Joists are closely spaced to carry light
loads.
Stringers support stairs.
Headers support structural members
around openings in floors, roofs, and walls.
Purlins are placed horizontally to carry
level roof decks.
Rafters are placed on an incline to carry
sloping roof decks.
Lintels are light horizontal beams that
support walls at floor levels in multistory
buildings or that carry the part of walls
above openings for doors and windows.
Girders may be heavily loaded beams
or horizontal members that support
other beams
Spandrels carry exterior walls and
support edges of floors and roofs in
multistory buildings.
Trusses serve the same purposes as
girders but consists of slender
horizontal, vertical, and inclined
components with large open spaces
between them. The spaces are
triangular in shape.
 Concrete Beams Steel Beams

a concrete beam is a load-bearing unit Steel beams are structural supports which
that can be used to carry both horizontal are made from steel, an alloy of carbon and
and vertical loads.
iron which is famous for its strength.
 Wall Footing

a portion of a foundation/substructure that

transmits load unto the soil/ground.
Column Footing (Individual Spread Footing )
Backfill refill (an excavated hole) with the material dug out of it.
SOIL COMPACTION
 PREPARE THE FOLLOWING:
Bungalow or 2 storey residential plan
Architectural and Structural plans are a must
If possible with MEFPS Plans
Mechanical
Electrical
Fire Protection / Plumbing
Sanitary
Three persons per plan ONLY.
Minimum of Total Floor Area = 200 sq.m
One Steno Notebook for the group