ACCIDENT - WHY DO THEY HAPPEN ?

The responsibility of management is interwoven in

each sequence of events which lead to injury,
occupational disease or property damage

In fact, everytime a worker is injured or an

accident/incident takes place, it should galvanise
management into action
 ACCIDENT - WHY DO THEY HAPPEN ?

The accident or incident serves as a signal that

there is something amiss ! It is an indication that
something has gone wrong in the process of managing
successfully.
The six stages of the cause and effect situation
which result in the accidents and/or incidents which
downgrade a business are demonstrated in the following
domino sequence.
ACCIDENT - WHY DO THEY HAPPEN ?

Stage 1 : Management Control

Lack of management control result in the failure to

maintain work performance standards for;-
selection
training
tooling
processing
communication & inspections
 ACCIDENT - WHY DO THEY HAPPEN ?

Stage 2 : Personal & Job Factors

Lack of management control permits the existence

of certain contributing causes of accidents/incidents
that downgrade the business operation. They are;-

PERSONAL FACTORS comprising a lack of

knowledge or skill, improper motivation and physical or
mental problems;
 ACCIDENT - WHY DO THEY HAPPEN ?

Stage 2 : Personal & Job Factors

JOB FACTORS, such as inadequate work

standards, inadequate design or maintenance,
inadequate purchasing standards, normal wear and
tear, abnormal use.

ALL DOWNGRADE THE OPERATION AND RESULT IN

AVOIDABLE LOSSES.
 ACCIDENT - WHY DO THEY HAPPEN ?

Stage 3 : Unsafe Acts and/or Unsafe Conditions

contributing causes of accidents/incidents that

downgrade a business operation exist provide
opportunity for unsafe acts by people and unsafe
conditions at the workplace.
 ACCIDENT - WHY DO THEY HAPPEN ?

Stage 3 : Unsafe Acts and / or Unsafe Conditions

UNSAFE ACTS OR PRACTICES ARE:-

operating without authority
failure to warn or secure
operating at improper speed and making safety devices
inoperable
 ACCIDENT - WHY DO THEY HAPPEN ?

Stage 3 : Unsafe Acts and / or Unsafe Conditions

UNSAFE CONDITIONS :-
inadequate guards or protection
defective tools
equipment and substances
congestion
poor housekeeping.
 ACCIDENT - WHY DO THEY HAPPEN ?
Stage 4 : The Accidents/Incidents

Whenever unsafe acts and conditions are permitted

to exist, there is real danger that a downgrading
incident will occur.

This accident/incident may or may not result in a

loss.

Accidents and/or incidents are not wanted since

the results are difficult to predict and are most
frequently a matter of chance.
 ACCIDENT - WHY DO THEY HAPPEN ?

Stage 4 : The Accident/Incident

e.g. accident/incident which result in physical harm

or property damage usually involve contact with a
source of energy, above the threshold limit of the
human body or a physical structure.

To facilities categorization, accidents/incidents are

frequently classified according to their types, such as
struck against, struck by, fall to below, fall on
same level, etc.
 ACCIDENT - WHY DO THEY HAPPEN ?

Stage 5 ; Loss of People and/or Property

Once the entire sequence has taken place and

there is a loss involving people or property, the result
are usually chance events.
The element of chance is also involved in losses of
quality and production.
Result of accidents/incidents can be evaluated in
terms of harm, property damage, human and economic
impacts.
 ACCIDENT - WHY DO THEY HAPPEN ?

STAGE 6 : COST

Whether the accident/incident or business interruption

results in injury of persons, damage to property, loss
of production or whatever, it can always be quantified
in RINGGIT & SEN. As the costs of accident are not
budgeted for, the costs involved are inevitably paid for
out of the companys profits.