BINARY OPERATIONS

(ABSTRACT ALGEBRA)
by: Remalyn Casem
Binary Operation or NOT?
Binary Operation or NOT?
Binary Operation or NOT?
Binary Operation or NOT?
Binary Operation or NOT?
Binary Operation or NOT?
Binary Operation or NOT?
Binary Operation or NOT?
Binary Operation or NOT?
Binary Operation or NOT?
Binary Operation or NOT?
Binary Operation or NOT?
Binary Operation or NOT?
Binary Operation or NOT?
Binary Operation or NOT?
MORE on Binary Operations on
Finite Sets

A binary operation is a way to

produce an element of a set
from a given pair of elements
of the same set according to a
defined rule.
 S= {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
a*b=a+3b+ab

Find: Find:
1*2 = ? 1+3(2)+1(2) = 9
2*3 = ? 3+3(3)+2(3) = 18
For the set S and as dened
below, determine if is a binary
operation on S.

S= {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
a*b=a+3b+ab
NO, because
3*4 = 3+3(4)+3(4) = 27
but 27 is NOT in S
Binary Operations on Infinite Sets

A binary operation is a way to

produce an element of a set
from a given pair of elements
of the same set according to a
defined rule.
For the set S and as dened
below, determine if is a binary
operation on S.

S= set of natural numbers

a*b=ab

YES!
For the set S and as dened
below, determine if is a binary
operation on S.

S= set of odd integers

a*b=ab

YES!
For the set S and as dened
below, determine if is a binary
operation on S.

S= set of odd integers

a*b=a+b
NO, because
1*1 = 1+1= 2
but 2 is NOT in S
For the set S and as dened
below, determine if is a binary
operation on S.

S= set of positive real numbers

a*b = a/b
YES!
For the set S and as dened
below, determine if is a binary
operation on S.

S= set of integers
a*b = a-b
YES!
For the set S and as dened
below, determine if is a binary
operation on S.

S= set of natural numbers

a*b = b
YES!
Identity Element of Infinite Sets

The set P, is said to have an

identity element under a given
operation * if and only if

The identity element, if it exists,

is unique.
Identity Element of Infinite Sets

The binary operation is

defined on the set of R real
numbers by
ab=a+b+6
for all a, b in R. Find the identity
element of R under the
operation .
Inverse Element of Infinite Sets

The element x , is said to be the

inverse of b if and only if
bx=xb=e
for all x, b and e in the same set.
The inverse element, if it exists,
is unique.
Commutativity of Binary Operations

The binary operation * defined

on the set S is said to be
commutative if and only if
Is the binary operation
commutative or NOT?
The binary operation is
defined on the set of real
numbers by
ab = a2+b+ab
where a and b are any real
numbers.
Evaluate 32 and 23.
Thus, is not commutative.
Is the binary operation
commutative or NOT?
The binary operation is
defined on the set of real
numbers by
a b = a+b-2ab
where a and b are any real
numbers.

YES!
Associativity of Binary Operations

The binary operation defined

on the set S is said to be
associative if and only if
 Is the binary operation
associative or NOT?
The binary operation is
defined on the set of real
numbers by
a b = (a+b)/ab
where a and b are any real
numbers, a0 and b0.
Evaluate (2 5)7 and 2 (57).
Thus, is not associative.
Is the binary operation
associative or NOT?
The binary operation is
defined on the set of real
numbers by
a b = a + b + ab
where a and b are any real
numbers.
YES!
Distributive Property of Binary
Operations

If the binary operations *

and are defined on the set
S such that

Then the operation * is

distributive over the
operation .
Is the binary operation
x distributive over + or
NOT?
You can check if:
a x (b + c) = (a x b) + (a x c)

YES!
Is the binary operation
+ distributive over x or
NOT?
You can check if:
a + (b x c) = (a + b) x (a + c)
NO!
Is the binary operation
distributive over
or NOT?
where:
a b= a2 b2 and a b= a + 2b
for all a, b in the set of real
numbers.
NO!
 TRUE or FALSE?
Addition is a binary operation on R.
Subtraction is a binary operation on R.
Multiplication is a binary operation on R.
Division is a binary operation on R.
Division is a binary operation on Q+.
Addition is a commutative binary operation on R.
Subtraction is a commutative binary operation on R.
 TRUE or FALSE?
Division is a commutative binary operation
on Q+.
The operation ab=a is a commutative
binary operation on R.
Addition is a commutative binary operation
on the set of odd natural numbers.
The operation ab=a+2b is a commutative
binary operation on R.
 TRUE or FALSE?
Addition is a binary operation on
S={0,1,2,3,4}.
Multiplication is a binary operation on
S={0,1,2,3,4}.
Addition is an associative binary operation
on Q+.
Multiplication is an associative binary
operation on Q+.
 TRUE or FALSE?
The operation ab=a is an associative
binary operation on R.
The operation ab=a+2b is an associative
binary operation on R.
N has no identity element with respect to
addition.
Every set with respect to a binary operation
has an identity element.
 TRUE or FALSE?
All elements in a set with respect to a
binary operation have inverses.
Addition is a binary operation on Q+.
Subtraction is a binary operation on Q+.
Multiplication is a binary operation on Z.
-
Division is a binary operation on Z .
+
Division is a binary operation on Z .
N has no identity element with respect to
multiplication.
 TRUE or FALSE?
Addition is a commutative binary operation
on Q+.
Subtraction is a commutative binary
operation on Q+.
Division is a commutative binary operation
on Z+.
Addition is a commutative binary operation
on the set of even natural numbers.
 TRUE or FALSE?
The operation ab=b is a commutative
binary operation on R.
The operation ab=2a+b is a commutative
binary operation on R.
Subtraction is a binary operation on
S={0,1,2,3,4}.
Division is a binary operation on
S={0,1,2,3,4}.
 TRUE or FALSE?
Addition is an associative binary operation
on Z.
Multiplication is an associative binary
operation on Z.
The operation ab=b is an associative
binary operation on R.
The operation ab=2a+b is an associative
binary operation on R.
Is a binary operation on S = {a, b, c, d}?
Is there an identity element of S with
respect to ?
Is a binary operation on S = {a, b, c, d}?
Is there an identity element of S with
respect to ?
Find the inverses of the elements of S
under if they exist.
Find the inverses of the elements of S
under if they exist.
Is commutative?

Is commutative?
Is associative?

Is associative?
Is left distributive over ?

Is right distributive over ?

Is a binary operation on S = {a, b, c, d}?
Is there an identity element of S with
respect to ?
Is a binary operation on S = {a, b, c, d}?
Is there an identity element of S with
respect to ?
Find the inverses of the elements of S
under if they exist.
Find the inverses of the elements of S
under if they exist.
Is commutative?

Is commutative?
Is associative?

Is associative?
Is left distributive over ?

Is right distributive over ?

Construct a Cayley table to show that
multiplication is a binary operation on
where S={1, -1, i, -i}.
Determine whether the binary operation *
defined on Z with a * b=ab+1 is
commutative. Find the identity element of
Z under * and an inverse of z in Z.

Determine whether the binary operation *

defined on Z with a * b=ab-1 is
commutative. Find the identity element of
Z under * and an inverse of z in Z.