Lesson 3

Multiple Effect
Evaporation
Nicole Ysabelle Aguda Jeanel Aldovino John Bryan Aldovino
18 September 2017
The chief factor influencing the economy of an
evaporator system is the number of effects. By
increasing the number of effects we can increase
the economy of an evaporator system. The first
effect of a multiple effect evaporator is the effect to
which the raw steam is fed, vapors obtained from
first effect act as a heating medium for another
effect.
Evaporator System
What is Evaporation?
Definition 3
Evaporation is an unit operation by
which a solvent is evaporated from a
solution by boiling the liquor in a
suitable vessel and withdrawing the
Evaporation vapor, leaving a concentrated liquid
residue

It simply means vaporization from the

surface of the liquid.

Multiple Effect Evaporator

What is an Evaporator?
Definition 4
An evaporator is essentially a heat
exchanger in which a liquid is boiled to give
a vapour, so that it is also, simultaneously, a
low pressure steam generator.
Evaporator It may be possible to make use of this, to
treat an evaporator as a low pressure boiler,
and to make use of the steam thus
produced for further heating in another
following evaporator called another effect.

Multiple Effect Evaporator

Multiple Effect Evaporator
Definition 5

Multiple Effect Evaporator is an important procedure adopted to

economize the consumption of energy.

Multiple Effect Evaporator

They are designed to economize the consumption of
energy. These are designed in such a way that the steam
from an outside source is condensed in the heating
element of first effect. Further for second effect the
boiling temperature of first effect is just too high that
evaporated water can serve as the heating medium. The
formed vapors than send to condenser, if it is the double
effect evaporator.
The feed is generally transferred from the one effect
to another, which leads to ultimate product
concentration which further reaches to one effect of
evaporator.
In single effect evaporator steam is used to heat
the liquids which provides the latent heat of
vaporization. The vapors are condensed in the
condenser where the latent is given up to the
cooling water and it goes to waste.
 To avoid this wastage two evaporators
are connected together with the piping
arrangement so that the vapor from the
calandria of the first effect is used to
heat the calandria of the second effect .
This means that the calandria of the
second effect is used as a condenser
for the first time. So that the latent heat
of vaporization is used to evaporate
more quantity of the liquid instead of its
Calendria Type Evaporator going as waste. The vapor from the
second effect then taken to a condenser
and converted in to the liquids.
History, and Examples
Multiple Effect Evaporators
History
The multiple-effect
evaporator was invented
by an African-American
inventor and engineer
Norbert Rillieux.
Although he may have
designed the apparatus
during the 1820s and
constructed a prototype in
1834, he did not build the
first industrially practical
evaporator until 1845.
9
Examples
Originally designed for Multiple-effect
concentrating sugar in evaporation plants
sugar cane juice, it has in sugar beet
since become widely factories have up to
used in all industrial eight effects. Six effect
applications where evaporators are
large volumes of water common in the
must be evaporated, recovery of black liquor
such in the kraft process for
as salt production and making wood pulp.
water desalination.
.
Multiple Effect Evaporator
Multiple effect evaporation commonly uses
sensible heat in the condensate to preheat liquor
to be flashed. In practice the design liquid flow
paths can be somewhat complicated in order to
extract the most recoverable heat and to obtain
the highest evaporation rates from the equipment.
Methods 1. Forward Feeding
2. Backward Feeding
3. Mixed Feeding
of Feeding 4. Parallel Feeding
Forward Feed Arrangement
The feed and steam introduced in the first effect and pressure
in the first effect is highest and pressure in last effect is
minimum, so transfer of feed from one effect to another can
be done without pump.
Backward Feed Arrangement
The feed is introduced in last effect and steam is introduced in
first effect. For transfer of feed, it requires pump since the
flow is from low pressure to higher pressure. Concentrated
liquid is obtained in first effect.
Mixed Feed Arrangement
The feed is introduced in intermediate effect, flows in forward
feed to the end of the series and is then pumped back to the
first effect for final concentration. This permits the final
evaporation to be done at the highest temperature.
Parallel Feed Arrangement
Parallel feed is more common in crystallization where feed is
admitted individually to all the effects.
With the increasing trend in the cost of coal,
fuel oil it becomes to use the vapors of
previous effect in the steam chest of
following effect. This requires the multiple
effect evaporator system. As the number of
effect increases the steam economy
increases on the other side capital cost will
be more.
Analysis of Multiple Effect Evaporator
System
The increase in economy through the use of
multiple-effect evaporation is obtained at the cost
of reduced capacity. The total capacity of a
multiple-effect evaporator is usually no greater
than that of a single-effect evaporator having a
heating surface equal to one of the effects and
operating under the same terminal conditions,
and, when there is an appreciable boiling-point
elevation, is often considerably smaller.
 1. Product
concentration
2. Solvent Volume
reduction in a solution
Applications 3. Water / solvent
recovery
4. Crystallization
 19
1. Advanced System

2. Easy Operation And

Advantages
Maintenance

3. Cost Effective Operations

Multiple Effect Evaporator