TEORI GRUP DAN

GRUP TITIK MOLEKUL

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 Mathematical Definition: Group Theory

A group is a collection of elements having certain properties

that enables a wide variety of algebraic manipulations to be
carried out on the collection

Because of the symmetry of molecules they can

be assigned to a point group

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Steps to classify a molecule into a point group

Question 1:
Is the molecule one of the following recognisable
groups ?

NO: Go to the Question 2

YES: Octahedral point group symbol Oh
Tetrahedral point group symbol Td
Linear having no i C
Linear having i Dh

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Steps to classify a molecule into a point group

Question 1:
Is the molecule one of the following recognisable
groups ?

NO: Go to the Question 2

YES: Octahedral point group symbol Oh
Tetrahedral point group symbol Td
Linear having no i C
Linear having i Dh

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Steps to classify a molecule into a point group

Question 2:
Does the molecule possess a rotation axis of order 2 ?

YES: Go to the Question 3

NO:
If no other symmetry elements point group symbol C1
If having one reflection plane point group symbol Cs
If having i Ci

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Steps to classify a molecule into a point group
Question 3:
Has the molecule more than one rotation axis ?

YES: Go to the Question 4

NO:
If no other symmetry elements point group symbol Cn (n is the order of
the principle axis)
If having n h point group symbol Cnh
If having n v Cnv
If having an S2n axis coaxial with principal axis S2n

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Steps to classify a molecule into a point group

Question 4:
The molecule can be assigned a point group as
follows:

No other symmetry elements present Dn

Having n d bisecting the C2 axes Dnd
Having one h Dnh

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 Molecule
Linear?

Dh Cv 2 or more
i?
Cn, n>2?

i?

Ih C5? Oh Td

Y Cn?
*
Dnh h *
Select Cn with highest n,
? N
nC2 perpendicular to Cn?
Dnd nd? Dn ?
Cs

Cnh h? Ci C1
i?

Cnv nv?

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S2n S2n? Cn
 Benzene
Linear?

Dh Cv 2 or more
i?
Cn, n>2?

i?

Ih C5? Oh Td

Y Cn?
*
Benzene Dnh h
n=6 *
is D6h Select Cn with highest n,
? N
nC2 perpendicular to Cn?
Dnd nd? Dn ?
Cs

Cnh h? Ci C1
i?

Cnv nv?

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S2n S2n? Cn
Tugas I: Symmetry and Point Groups

Tentukan unsur simetri dan grup titik pada

molekul
a. N2F2
b. POCl3
c. S2O3=
Gambarkan geometri masing-masing
molekul tersebut

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