Submitted to : Dr. Zulhas Color fastness of dye goods.

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Total Textile Process at a Glance
 Introduction
The stability of color or its fastness is one of the most important requirements
of valuable customers. Colour fastness of a dyed goods means the resistance
power of a dyed goods against any hazards.

The color textiles show different resistance power to different agencies such as
light, wash, rubbing, perspiration, water, bleach, acid, alkali etc.

There are many types of testing of color fastness. But in the industry the
fastness test is done according to the buyer requirement.

Submitted to : Dr. Zulhas Color fastness of dye goods. 3

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 Major Color Fastness Testes

Colorfastness to Washing
Colorfastness to Crocking / Rubbing
Colorfastness to Perspiration
Colorfastness to Hot Pressing
Colorfastness to Dry Cleaning
Colorfastness to Light

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 Color Fastness To Wash

Colorfastness to Washing is a method for determining the

resistance of the colour of textiles from all kinds of wash in water
with soap and detergent. There are different test methods to check
the color fastness to washing which is standardized by ISO.

Test Temp.( C) Time (mints) Steel balls Chemicals

ISO-105-CO1 40 30 0 Soap(5 g/l)

ISO-105-CO2 50 45 0 Soap(5 g/l)

ISO-105-CO3 60 30 0 Soap(5g/l) +soda ( 2 g/l)

ISO-105-CO4 95 30 10 Soap(5g/l) +soda ( 2 g/l)

ISO-105-CO5 95 240 10 Soap(5g/l) +soda ( 2 g/l)

Test Procedure (Color fastness to wash)

APPARATUS AND MATERIALS:

Gyro wash m/c (Wash-wheel & Stainless steel container)
Stainless steel ball(diameter =0.6cm,wt. =1mg)
Multi-fiber fabric
Thermometer (0-100) C
Sewing m/c
Dryer
ISO type grey scale for changing shade
ISO type grey scale for staining
Color matching cabinet (light box).

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Sample Preparation:
If the textile to be tested in fabric: Cut the sample fabric 10cm 4 cm and make sure
all colors are included (if necessary use additional specimens) in it. Sew it along all four
edges with the same size of multi fiber fabric. This is the composite test specimen.
If the textile to be tested is yarn or loose fiber: Take a mass of yarn or fiber
approximately equal to of the combined mass of the adjacent fabrics, then place
between a 10cm 4 cm piece of multi fiber fabric and a piece of same size non dye able
fabric and sew them along all four sides. This is the composite test specimen.

According to ISO RECOMMENDATION NO3 (ISO 105 C03): The composite specimen is treated
in a wash wheel or an equivalent apparatus at 60 2C (1403.6F) for 30 mints using the
color fastness test detergents 77(ISO Std soap) 5 g/l and 2 g/l soda ash to a given liquor
ratio of 50:1.

Finally we decreased the temperature and washed with cold water and dry them.

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EVALUATION:
Compare the contrast between the treated and untreated sample with
the changing grey scale and staining of color in the adjacent multi-fiber
fabric with the staining grey scale.
This assessment is done in a color matching cabinet under standard
lighting of D65 (Artificial day light).

Fig: Grey scale

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 Format of test Report

Description of test Test result

Color fastness to washing GRADE

Method followed: ISO-105-C03

Color change in shade 3-4

Staining in Acetate 4
Staining in Cotton 4
Staining in Nylon 4
Staining in Polyester 4
Staining in Acrylic 4
Staining in Wool 4

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 Color Fastness To Rubbing
Principle:
This test is designed to determine the degree of color which
may be transferred from the surface of a colored fabric to a
specify test cloth for rubbing (which could be dry and Wet).
This test is undertaken on a crock meter, whereby the fabric
specimen is subjected to rubbing with a sample of standard
undyed cotton fabric in order to check for colour transfer.

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 Equipment that needed for measurement:

Crock Meter.
Cotton Rubbing Cotton.
Grey Scale
Stop Watch
Color Matching Cabinet.

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 Size of Fabric:

You will need to have 14 Cm 5

Cm pieces of textile fabric sample
(one warp direction/ wale direction
and other weft/ course direction).

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 Test Procedure of Color Fastness To
Rubbing:
a) Lock the test specimen (textile sample) onto the
base of the crock meter.
b) Using the spinal clip, set 5 Cm 5Cm of the white
cotton fabric to the finger of the crock meter.
c) Lower the covered finger on the test sample.
d) Turn hand crank at the rate of the one turn per
second.
e) Remove the white rubbing test cloth and e valuate
with grey scale.

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 Evaluation

In this stage compare the contrast

between the treated and
untreated white rubbing cloth
with grey scale and rated 1 to 5.

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 Color Fastness to light

This test measures the resistance to fading of dyed

textile when exposed to day-light.The test sample
is exposed to light for a certain time(24 hrs, 36
hrs,48 hrs, 72 hrs, etc) or by customer demand and
compare the change with original unexposed
sample.The changes are assessed by Blue Scales
(1-8).

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 Procedure

The sample is cut and should be exposed

(1/2 covered and 1/2 exposed) together with
standard dyed wool samples (1-8).
The standard and the specimen mounted in
a frame.The composite sample must be
protected from rain.

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 Evaluation:

Evaluation is made numerically by

European/American blue Scale (1-8).

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Principle: The garments which come into contact with the body where perspiration is heavy may suffer serious local discoloration. This test is intended to

Color Fastness to Perspiration:

Principle:
The garments which come into contact with the
body where perspiration is heavy may suffer
serious local discoloration. This test is intended to
determine the resistance of color of dyed textile to
the action of acidic and alkaline perspiration.

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Principle: The garments which come into contact with the body where perspiration is heavy may suffer serious local discoloration. This test is intended to

Equipment:

Perspiration Tester
Oven, maintained at 372C temperature
Multifiber test fabric
Grey Scale
Color matching chamber
Acidic and Alkaline solution
Glass or Acrylic plate
Weight etc

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Principle: The garments which come into contact with the body where perspiration is heavy may suffer serious local discoloration. This test is intended to

Sample size: 10 cm * 4 cm

Test Procedure:
Wet-out the composite test sample in mentioned alkaline or acidic
solution at room temperature. M:L ratio 1:50 and leave for 30
minutes.
Pour off excess solution and place the composite sample between
two glass plate or acrylic plate under a pressure of 4.5 Kg and place
in an oven for 4 hours at 372C temperature.
Remove the specimen and hang to dry in warm air not exceeding
60C.

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Principle: The garments which come into contact with the body where perspiration is heavy may suffer serious local discoloration. This test is intended to

Evaluation

Evaluation is done by Grey Scale in a color

matching cabinet and rated from 1 to 5.

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 Colorfastness to Hot Pressing

Principle
Determination of the resistance of the color of dyed textiles to ironing and
pressing on the hot cylinder

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 Apparatus and Materials:
a. Heating device that can put a pressure on the specimen of 4kpa.
b. A smooth asbestos sheet (3-6 mm thickness)
c. Wool flannel
d. A piece of undyed, bleached and mercerized cotton cloth
e. Grey scales
f. Standard color matching cabinet
g. Distilled water

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 Test specimen:

Cut 10cm x 4cm specimen from each

fabric sample

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 Test Procedure:
i. Condition the sample in standard atmosphere of 21 1 and
65 2 RH before testing.
i. Then select the specified temperature as follow: 110 2 ,150 2 ,
200 2

ii. Dry pressing:

a. Place the dry specimen on top of the cotton clothcovering the

wool flannel pad
b. Lower the top plate of the heating device and leave the test
specimen for 15 sec at the recommended pressing temperature

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 Damp Pressing

A.
Repeat iii (a) and soak to 100% pick-up of a piece of cotton
adjacent fabric in distilled water.
B.
Place the soaked cotton fabric on top of the dry test specimen and
repeat iii (b)

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 Wet Pressing
a)
Soak the test specimen and a piece of cotton adjacent fabric in
distilled water and squeeze it to maintain 100% pick up.
b)
Place the wet test specimen on top of the dry cotton cloth
covering the wool flannel pad and repeat iii (b)

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 Evaluation

a)
Numerically rate the color change immediately after testing and
again 4 hrs. in std atmosphere and std light using the Grey
Scale(1-5)
b)
Numerically rate the staining of the more heavily stained side of
the cotton adjunct fabric under std light using Grey Scale (1-5)

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 Test Report
i. Mention the testing temperature .
ii. Test condition (dry, damp, wet)
iii. Numerical rating after testing and after 4 hrs
iv. Report the numerical rating for the staining of
cotton adjacent fabric

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