Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Communication
Akhil Parekh
Manan Shah
Outlook
Introduction
Motivation
Overview of Smart Vehicle
Architecture
Types of Communication
Radio Bands
Protocols
Classes of Information and Information Parameters
Types of IVC
Threats, Challenges and Attacks
Security Architecture
Applications
Real Time Examples
Conclusions
Introduction
What is Inter Vehicle Communication?
The annual costs associated with traffic accidents total nearly 3 percent
of the worlds gross domestic product (GDP), or roughly US$1 trillion.
Cars Trucks
(class 7, 8)
On-road population 231 million 3.5 million
Annual New Vehicle Sales 16 million 260, 000
Annual VMT 8,400 63,000
Total Fatalities 37,446 4,390
Total Injuries 2,672,000 116,000
Estimated Total cost of $188 billion $30 billion
crashes
Overview of Smart Vehicle
E v e n t d a ta rec o rd er (E D R )
P o sitio n in g sy s te m
F orw ard rad ar
C o m m u n ic a tio n
fa c ility
R ear radar
D is p la y C o m p u tin g p la tfo r m
Terms
EDR
used in vehicles to register all important parameters such as velocity,
acceleration, etc. especially during abnormal situations, such as
accidents
This data is used for reconstruction.
Forward radar-
Used to detect any forward obstacles as far as 200 meters
Positioning System-
Used to locate vehicles
Accuracy can be improved by knowledge of road topology
Computing platform-
Inputs from various components is used to generate useful information
Pictorial View
Flowchart of IVC
Architecture
Key Components
On-board Equipment (OBE):
human machine interface
vehicle interfaces, (to on-board networks)
Applications, memory and processing
positioning, (GPS and dead-reckoning system)
communications functions (radio, antenna, etc)
Network:
The IVC Network interconnects the road-side RSEs, network services,
and the network end-users
General View
The Vehicle
as a part of
the Network
main advantages of UWB technology are its high data rate, low cost, etc.
Technologies
Broadcasting Technologies:
I2V: RDS/TMC, DAB, DVB, DVB-H, S-DMB, T-DMB
Short Range:
I2V: DSRC
V2V: DSRC, UWB/SRR
Long Range:
V2I/I2V: GSM, GPRS/EDGE, UMTS, Wi-Fi, WiMAX
V2V: GSM, GPRS/EDGE, UMTS, Wi-Fi
In-Vehicle Systems:
Bluetooth, Zigbee
Protocols
Medium Access Control (MAC) in IVC
Static Parameters:
The static parameter indicates the size of the vehicle and the
location of its GPS receiver within itself.
Dynamic Parameters:
The dynamic parameters are vehicles position (Xn,Yn), speed
acceleration, direction and the status of the brakes, steering
wheel, gas paddle, turn signal etc.
Contd.
Technologies Used:-
Magnetic Nails
Magnetic Tape
Live wires
Radar for imaging
Car to car communication
Infrastructure to car communication
Traffic Related Wireless Technology
Infrastructure Based:-
Adjusting traffic flow
Operation on individual vehicle
Vehicle Based:-
Automated Collection
Providing Warnings
Passenger Related Wireless Technology
Taking over automatic braking and driving when vehicles are in traffic jam
Co-operative Driving
includes obstacle warning, stopped vehicle warning and slowing down warning
Merging and Lane Changing Warning
Traffic
jam
ahead
Attack 2:Disruption of Network Operation
SLOW
DOWN
The way
is clear
Attack 3: Cheating with Identity, Position or Speed
I was not
there!
Open Problems
Security services
Positioning
Confidentiality
Privacy
Shared session key ...
PKI
CA
PA PB
Security Architecture of IVC
Components of Security Architecture
Event Data Recorder:- The EDR will be responsible for recording the vehicles critical
data such as position, time, speed etc. EDR will also record
all the received safety messages
Tamper Proof Device:- The TPD will store all the cryptographic materials and perform
cryptographic operations like signing and verifying safety
messages
Authentication:- Vehicles will sign each message with their private key and attach
corresponding certificate. Thus when another vehicle receives the
message it verifies key used to sign the message and then it
verifies the message.
Objectives
To develop a communication platform for inter vehicle communication
To implement demonstrator applications
To develop promising introduction strategies
Standardize the solution found
Key Features
Wireless multi hop ad hoc networking
Allows for low cost data transmission
Very low data transmission delay
Extends the range of awareness
Vehicles are addressed according to their
position
FleetNet Applications
User Communications:-
Inter vehicle chat
Mobile advertising
Standardization
http://www.comms.scitech.susx.ac.uk/research/bluetooth.php
http://www.et2.tu-harburg.de/fleetnet/english/documents.html
http://www.de.nec.de/textpage.php/id/1304
http://icwww.epfl.ch/publications/documents/IC_TECH_REPORT_20
0424.pdf
www.//ivc.epfl.theocracymanan/page2959.html
References
http://ec.europa.eu/transport/roadsafety/road_safety_observatory/c
are_en.htm
http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/8061/22289/01041242.pdf?tp=&ar
number=1041242&isnumber=22289
http://www.cartalk2000.net/
http://www.adase2.net/
http://www.comcar.de/
http://ivc.epfl.ch/page2959.html