Cardiovascular System

Blood
The Heart
The Vascular System
Characteristics of Blood

 Amount
 Color
 pH
 Viscosity
Characteristics of Blood

 Amount
 4 – 6 liters
 38 to 48% various cells
 52 – 62% Plasma
 Color
 pH
 Viscosity
Characteristics of Blood

 Amount
 Color
 Bright red is arterial – O2 rich
 Dark red is venous – O2 depleted
 pH
 Viscosity
Characteristics of Blood

 Amount
 Color
 pH
 7.35 to 7.45 on pH scale – alkaline
 Venous blood is slightly lower due
to CO2
 Viscosity
Characteristics of Blood

 Amount
 Color
 pH
 Viscosity (thickness)
 Blood is 3 to 5 times thicker than water
 Thickness contributes to Blood
Pressure
Blood Make-up

 Plasma
 91.5% Water
 7% Proteins – fibrogen, globulins,
albumins
 1.5% Other – nutrients, hormones,
nitrogenous wastes, respiratory gases,
electrolytes
 Blood Cells
Blood Make-up

 Plasma
 Blood Cells
 Erythrocytes – RBCs ~ 95%
 Thrombocytes – Platelets ~ 4.8%
 Leukocytes – WBCs ~ .2%
Blood Make-up
 Plasma
 Blood Cells
 Erythrocytes – RBCs ~ 95%
 Contain hemoglobin – bonds with O2
 Live about 120 days
 Produced in red bone marrow
 Stem cell-> Normoblasts-> Reticulocytes->
Erythocytes
 Thrombocytes – Platelets ~ 4.8%
 Leukocytes – WBCs ~ .2%
Blood Make-up
 Plasma
 Blood Cells
 Erythrocytes – RBCs ~ 95%
 Thrombocytes – Platelets ~ 4.8%
 Cell fragments
 Last 5 – 9 days
 Primarily responsible for clotting mechanisms (3
mechanisms)
 Vascular spasm – Platelet plugs – Chemical clotting
 Leukocytes – WBCs ~ .2%
Blood Make-up
 Plasma
 Blood Cells
 Erythrocytes – RBCs ~ 95%
 Thrombocytes – Platelets ~ 4.8%
 Leukocytes – WBCs ~ .2%
 5 types separated into two groups
 Granular Leukocytes: neutrophils – eosinophils – basophils
 Agranular Leukocytes: lymphocytes - monocytes
 Protect the body from Infectious disease
 Provide Immunity to certain diseases
Blood Types
 ABO group – 4 blood types
 A - has A antigens on the cell membrane
 B - has B antigens on the cell membrane
 AB - has A & B antigens on the cell
membrane
 O - has neither A nor B antigens on the
cell membrane
 Rh factor
Blood Types

 ABO group
 Rh factor
 Rh+ have the Rh antigen
 Rh- do not have Rh antigen
Blood Clotting

 3 types of Clotting
 Vascular spasm
 Platelet plugs
 Chemical clotting
Blood Clotting

 Vascular spasm
 When a large artery or vein is severed, smooth
muscle in its wall contracts. Platelets release
serotonin which brings about vasoconstriction,
creating a smaller area to block with clots
 Platelet plugs
 Chemical clotting
Blood Clotting

 Vascular spasm
 Platelet plugs
 When capillaries rupture, the damage is too slight to
initiate the formation of a clot. The rough shape
causes the platelets to change shape (become
spiky) and become sticky. They stick to each other
and the edges of the capillary
 Chemical clotting
Blood Clotting

 Vascular spasm
 Platelet plugs
 Chemical clotting
 The stimulus for clotting is a rough surface within a
vessel, or a break in a vessel, which also creates a
rough surface. The more damage there is the faster
clotting begins. 15 to 120 seconds