MODUL 1

POSITION DAN SCOPE OF

MASS TRANSFER OPERATION

Chemical Engineering------- Unit Operation (non reaction)

Driving force : Concentration difference

Mass trasfer operation:

- Micro scale transfer caused by concentration difference
- Usually used for separation processes Mass Transfer Operation
- Not a mechanical separation such as:
Filtration, Screening, Decantation
 Position in Chemical Engineering Curriculum

-Basic Engineering :
Mathematics, Physic, etc
-Mass and Energy Balance
-Transport Phenomena

-Mass Transfer

-Equipment Design

-product design/Bio Process/

Chemical Plant Design
Chemical engineering is an application of chemistry or Biology that
develop an ability to design a bio/chemical process and product with all
aspects. Mass transfer operation is important subject to support the ability
of chemical engineer.
What is the content of this subject?

Upto Midtest :
-Review transport phenomena
-Distillation : - binary : batch
continous : single stage
multi stage
- multi component : batch
continous : multi stage
-Humidification
-Drying

After Midtest :
-Absorption
-Extraction
-Leaching
mmonly, separation process is an energy intensive by introduction
thermal energy to the system

stillation is a thermal separation process which has several types

Based on feed stream : - batch

- continue
2. Based on number of tray: - single stage/flash vaporization
- multi stage/rectification
3. Based on material distilled/operating condition:
- carrier distillation
-vacumm distilation
-molecular distillation
-azeotropic distillation
-super critical distillation
-diffusion distillation
-parallel flow distillation
 What is significancy of separation?

Separation based on mass transfer operation is found in all of chemical

industries and act as very important process for : purification of feed
and products.
Separation process is the highest component of production cost

ex : Alcohol purification cost.

The most important variable in separation : concentration difference

between initial and the final product

Mass Transfer Process Characters

Process includes molecular scale of mass transfer that caused by
concentration difference
Ex : separation water from alcohol. In this system appears water vapor
stream caused by concentration difference between solution and gas phase
>< water stream in a pipe caused by pump pressure
 Mass Transfer Operation Classification
2 phase system
Distillation must proceed two or more components that
produces 2 phase gas-liquid system
Requirement: all component must soluble at all concentration.

Diffusion of each component to the other causes separation result

never give pure component.

Mixture in mass transfer operation

Gas-gas and solid-solid : 2 phase system never produced
Gas-liquid system : if all component are distributed in both of phase,
separation can be conducted by using distillation or other methods such
as absorption (>< desorption), humidification (>< dehimidification)
Liquid-liquid system: extraction
Liquid-solid : crystallitation
 Membrane Separation

Gas-gas system : using micropore membrane

Gas-solid system : molecule dimensions is an important separation factor
that influence to the rate of separation

Gas-Liquid system : permeability is an important factor.

rate of separation is a function of solubility

Liq-liq system : known as a dialisis system

How chemical engineers choose a separation method?

-List all of possible methods

-Choose the most economic method based on:
physical properties of material and feasibility to be handled
Up to this choosing step: - just as preliminary choosing method
- cost is the judging factor
- realization is a proof

Separation process based on mass trasfer is more preferable, because:

substances to be separated is recovered as original form
Chemically separation is possible to change handled components
to be other substances
Example of separation process in industries:

-Mineral from ore : - leaching

- flotation
-Oil form seed : - leaching
- pressing-filtering
-Gas from associated gas : adsorbsi/absorbsi, distillation
-Water from etanol solution: distillation
-H2S from gas mixture: absorption
-Hg from gas stream: absorption
Principle of Mass Trasfer Operation Equipment Design
4 main variables:
-Purity of products
-Capacity
-Energy consumption
-Processing time
Type of separation: - Evaporation
- Distillation
- Extraction
- Leaching
- Membrane Separation
- Absorption

Distillation : separation which depends on the distribution of the

substances between a gas and a liquid

-Distribution of substances is caused by votality difference

-All components appear in both phase
- Find the difference between distillation and evaporation,
extraction, leaching and absorption....
 ASSIGMENT 1
1. Chooce a commercial chemical. Find its price as technical grade
and pure, and give analysis to the price gap
2. Explain production process of the chemical in question no.1,
find the separation process used and explain the reason
to use that kind of separation type
3 Read Treybal 342 to 371; and Mc.Cabe 663-666, 724-727,737-742
4 Read lecture module 2 & 3
5 Install our computer with Unisim and bring it to the next session lecture

Send your assigment to: mohnsk@gmail.com

Email subject and file name : Name-Assgx (x=1,2,....)
Example : miketyson-Assg1