Rectilinear Kinematics: Erratic Motion

Limitation of the kinematic equations

= = =

Calculus doesn't work very well when there

is a sudden change in position, velocity and
acceleration.
We assume that if the motion is smooth.
Graphical method is usually preferred for
erratic motion.

Erratic motion need many functions

to represent rather then just one.

Dr Riaz Mufti
 Rectilinear Kinematics: Erratic Motion

Continuous motion

If a car is moving with constant velocity

= 0 + 0
y = +

Erratic motion

3 = s2 + v2t + (1/2) ac2t2 2 = 1 + 1 1 = so + vot + (1/2) ac0t2

3 = v2 + ac2t 2 = 1 1 = vo + ac0t

Engineering Statics Dr Riaz Mufti

 Erratic Motion and Graphical Representations

Graphing is an easy and powerful method to visualize the relationship b/w position
velocity and acceleration

= 6 / 2

Area Area

Slope Slope a
s v

t t
t
s-t graph a-t graph
v-t graph
Dr Riaz Mufti
Erratic Motion and Graphical Representations

s-t graph v-t graph

Engineering Statics Dr Riaz Mufti

 Erratic Motion and Graphical Representations

v-t graph
a-t graph

Engineering Statics Dr Riaz Mufti

 Erratic Motion and Graphical Representations

a-t and v-t graph

v-t and s-t graph

Engineering Statics Dr Riaz Mufti

 Erratic Motion and Graphical Representations

a-s and v-s graph v-s and a-s graph

Engineering Statics Dr Riaz Mufti

Solution:
v-t Graph.
v(ft/s)

v=20
20

t(sec)
10 30

Dr Riaz Mufti
Solution:
a-t Graph.

a=2
2

t (sec)
10 30

Dr Riaz Mufti
Solution:
v-t Graph.

=6 09 Now when initial

4 18 9 14 condition is v = 108 m/s

= 2 2 18 + 108 /
3
= (4 2 )/
@ t=14 s, v = 248 m/s
@ t=9 s, v = 108 m/s
Dr Riaz Mufti
Solution:
v-t Graph.
v (m/s)

248
= 2 2 18 + 108 /

108
3
= (4 2 )/

0
9 14 t (sec)
Dr Riaz Mufti
Solution:
s-t Graph.

Now when initial

condition is s = 388.8 m

= (2 2 18 + 108)
389 9

@ t=9 s, s = 388.8 m @ t=14 s, s = 1237 m

Dr Riaz Mufti
Solution:
s-t Graph. s (m)

1237

389

0
9 14 t (sec)
Dr Riaz Mufti
 EXAMPLE
Given: v-t graph for a train moving between two stations

Find: a-t graph and s-t graph over this time interval

40

Think about your plan of attack for the problem!

Engineering Dynamics
 EXAMPLE (continued)
Find: a-t graph
Solution: For the first 30 seconds the slope is constant
and is equal to:
a0-30 = dv/dt = 40/30 = 4/3 m/s2
Similarly, a30-90 = 0 and a90-120 = -4/3 m/s2

a(m/s2)

4
3
40
t(s)

-4
3
Engineering Dynamics
 EXAMPLE (continued)

v dt= ds
40
Find: s-t graph

s(m)
The area under the v-t graph
3600 represents displacement.
3000
Ds0-30 = (40)(30) = 600 m

Ds30-90 = (60)(40) = 2400 m

Ds90-120 = (40)(30) = 600 m

600
t(s)
30 90 120
Engineering Dynamics
 PROBLEM SOLVING

Given: The v-t graph shown

Find: The a-t graph, average

speed, and distance
traveled for the 30 s
interval

0.12 2 0 10
=
0.3 + 9 10 30

Engineering Dynamics
 PROBLEM SOLVING

Solution:

0.12 2 0 10
=
0.3 + 9 10 30

a(m/s)
=

2.4

0.24 0 10
= 0.3
0.3 10 30 t(s)
10 30

v = ds/dt a = dv/dt a ds = v dv
s = vt v = vo + act s = so + vot + (1/2) act2 v2 = (vo)2 + 2ac (s - so)
 Distance?
0.12 2 0 10
= 30 2
0.3 + 9 10 30 0.3 + 9 =
10 1
0.3
= (302 102 ) + 9(30 10) = 2 1
2

10 1 2 1 = 300
0.12 2 =
0 0
2 = 340
1
0.12 Average speed?
(10)3 =
3 0

1 = 40 vavg(0-30) = 340/30 = 11.33 m/s

Engineering Statics Dr Riaz Mufti

 Erratic motion

a-t graph:
The position time dependence can not be fully characterized by just one equation
Or more than one equation at different time periods are used to characterize a
complete curve.
Piecewise function: Is it possible to have
An acceleration of a certain object is defined by discontinuity in position or
velocity?
a

t
a-t graph
Dr Riaz Mufti
v-t graph:
v
2 3
44

1
20

t
a-t graph

Dr Riaz Mufti
s-t graph:
s
3
827

2
386.7

1
67

t
a-t graph

Dr Riaz Mufti
12-59. A missile starting from rest travels along
a straight track and for 10 s has an acceleration
as shown. Draw the graph that describes the
motion and find the distance traveled in 10 s.

Solution: = 6 05
2 + 20 5 10

=
5 1 10 2
6 = (2 + 20) =
0 0 5 1

@ t = 5 sec, v = 75 m/s
2
= 2 3 05 @ t = 10 sec, v = 250 m/s
+ 20 50 5 10
Engineering Statics Dr Riaz Mufti
12-59. A missile starting from rest travels along
a straight track and for 10 s has an acceleration
as shown. Draw the graph that describes the
motion and find the distance traveled in 10 s.

Solution:
3 2 05
= 2
+ 20 50 5 10

5 1 10 2
3 2 = ( 2 + 20 50) =
0 0 5 1

3 05 @ t = 5 sec, s = 125 m
= 1 3 2
250
+ 10 50 + 5 10 @ t = 10 sec, s = 917 m
3 3
Engineering Statics Dr Riaz Mufti
A car starting from rest moves along a straight
track with an acceleration as shown. Determine
the time t for the car to reach a speed of 50m/s
and construct the v-t graph that describes the
motion until the time t.
Given: vf = 50 m/s, a1 = 8 m/s2 , t1 = 10 s
Solution:
For 0 < t < 10s.

y mx c straight line v t
8 8 2
8
a t
10
dv adt dv
0 0
10
tdt v
20
t

8
At t= 10s. v (10) 2 40 m s
20

At t > 10s. a 8. vi 40 m / s v f 50 m / s
50 40
v f vi at t 1.25 s total time 10 1.25 11.25 s
8
Engineering Dynamics
The s-t graph for a train has been
experimentally determined. From the data,
construct the v-t and a-t graph for the motion; 600
0< t < 40s. 0< t < 30s, the curve is s= (0.4t2)m,
and then it becomes straight for t > 30s.
360

Solution:
30 40
0< t < 30s
ds dv
s 0.4t 2
v 0.8t a 0 .8
dt dt
30< t < 40

600 360
s 360 (t 30)
y mx c straight line
40 30

s 24(t 30) 360 ds dv

v 24 a 0
Engineering Dynamics dt dt
 600
v-t graph

v
v 0.8t v 24 360

30 40
t

a-t graph

a 0.8
a
a0

t
Engineering Dynamics
 The a-s graph for a train travelling along
a straight track is given for the first 400m
of its motion. Plot the v-s graph. v=0
s=0.
Solution: 2

0< s < 200

1 200 400
a s ads vdv
100
s v
1 1 2 1 2
0 100sds 0 vdv s v v 0.1s At s=200, v= 20 m/s
200 2

200 < s < 400; a=2

1 2
v v 2a(s so ) 2( s 200) (v 400)
2 2 v 2 4 s 400
i
2

At s = 400m . v
Engineering Dynamics
4(400) 400 34.6 m s
 2

200 400

v-s graph