EXPERIMENT #2

QUALITATIVE TESTS FOR ELEMENTS

IN ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
OBJECTIVES
At the end of this experiment you should be
able to;

1.) To conduct qualitative tests for the detection of the

predominant elements found in organic compounds:
Carbon, .Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Halogens and
Sulfur.
SCHEMATIC
DIAGRAM
Test for Carbon and Hydrogen

Glucose + CuO

Place in ignition tube

Fit cork with bent glass

tubing in clear lime H2O

Clamp ignition tube

moderate flame

Observe
 Test for Oxygen

tt1 tt2 tt3 tt4

+15 drops + drops + 15 drops +15 drops
Acetone benzene ETOH gasoline

+ ferrox paper

Observe.
Test for
Nitrogen

urea + soda lime

in tt

in moderate
flame

Note odor

Expose wet
litmus paper to
vapor
Note color
change
 Test for
Halogen
Make small loop on
end of Cu wire

in alcohol flame
until no more color

Cool wire & dip in

dichloromethane

in flame

Observe
 Test for
Sulfur
+ 1mL 55%Albumin

+ 5drops 10%
NaOH

+ 2drops 5% lead
(II) acetate

Boil in H2O bath

5min

Note color of ppt.

 DATA
&
RESULTS
Table 2.1 : Test for Carbon and Hydogen

Test Substance Treatment Observation

-Lime water turned

yellow-white
Test for the precipitate
presence of Glucose - with a moderate flame
Carbon and together with the CuO -theres a gas
Hydrogen escaped from the
glass tubing

-Water droplets
formation
 Test Substance Treatment Observation
Table 2.2 : Ferrox Paper Test for Oxygen
-deep red colored
solution
Acetone

- Colorless
solution
Hexane

The presence of Ferrox paper was

-deep red colored
Oxygen added
solution

ETOH
-colorless solution

Kerosene
Table 2.3 : Soda Lime Test for Nitrogen
Test Substance Treatment Observation

Soda lime was -nothing happens

added

Heat with -the vapor odor

Moderate flame was pungent
The presence of Urea CO(NH2)2
Nitrogen

Litmus paper was - Red litmus

exposed to vapor paper turned to
blue
Table 2.4 : Test for Halogens
Test Substance Treatment Observation

Cu heated in the -reddish-brown

flame colored to gray

Beilstein Test Dichloromethane Cu cooled in the -no change

substance

Heat again in the - Produced green

flame flame
Table
Test
2.5 : Test for
Substance
Sulfur
Treatment Observation

NaOH & -precipitate was

The presence of Albumin Pb(C2H3O2)2 not formed
Sulfur were added -black solution
formed
QUESTIONS
 1. What chemical reactions are involved in the test for
C and H?
C6H12O6 + CuO CO2 + H2O

2. What is the precipitate formed in the test for C & H?

C6H12O6 + CuO CO2 + H2O
CO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3(s) + H2O

3. What chemical reactions are involved in the soda

lime test?
CO(NH2)2 + Heat NH3 + CO2
 4. What compounds are responsible for the results in the
ff:
A. Beilstein test
Chloromethane
B. AgNO3 test
C. Lead (II) acetate test
Albumin
5. Write the structural formula of acetone, hexane, ETOH,
and the major compounds of kerosene.