Levelling

Levelling is the process of measuring vertical distances or elevation

above or below a given reference surface
Level is the instrument

Terms and Their Definitions

Datum
MSL
BM
BS
FS
IS
RL

1
Purpose of Leveling
To find the relative heights of things,
To find the absolute height of an object,
To provide heights or contours on a plan,
To provide data for road cross-sections ,
To provide volumes of earthworks,
To provide a level or inclined surface in the setting
out of construction work,etc
Types of Leveling
Deferential levelling
Profile Leveling
X-sectional Leveling
Trigonometric Leveling, etc

Types of Level
Automatic level
Tilt Level
Dumpy Level
Parts of leveling instrument

4
Reading the E Staff

Each E is 50mm

Each Part of the E is 10mm

Millimeters are interpolated

Staff is read to the millimeter

Booking & reducing of Levels
- Rise and Fall method
- Height of instrument Method

6
Rise and Fall method
Station B.S I.S F.S Rise Fall R.2 Remark

1 0.663 98.760 B.M

2 1.946 1.283 97.477

3 1.008 0.938 98.415

4 1.153 0.145 98.270

5 2.787 1.585 0.432 97.838 T.P

6 2.270 0.517 98.355

7 1.218 1.052 99.407

8 0.646 0.572 99.979

=3.450 =2.231 =3.079 =1.860

BS- F.S = Rise fall = Last R.L- first R.L

3.450 -2.231 = 3.079 -1.860 = 99.979 -98,760
1.219 = 1.219 = 1.219

7
Height of instrument Method

Point B.S I.S F.S H.C R.L Remark

1 0.663 99.423 98.760

2 1.946 99.423 97.477

3 1.008 99.423 98.415

4 1.153 99.423 98.270

5 2.787 1.585 100.625 97.838 T.P

6 2.270 100.625 98.355

7 1.218 100.625 99.407

8 0.646 99.979

=3.450 =7.595 =2.231 =699.567 =788.501

B.S - F.S = Last R.L First R.L. & R. Ls first R.L = HCs- (I.S +F.S)
3,450 2,231 = 99.979 98 .760
219 = 1,216

8
Q&A

?
9