Art of Renaissance and Baroque Europe (1400-1750)

PART 3
HISTORY AND CONTEXT
Chapter 3.6
Art of Renaissance and Baroque Europe
(14001750)
Copyright 2011 Thames & Hudson

Chapter 3.6 Art of Renaissance and Baroque Europe
PART 3
HISTORY AND CONTEXT
Introduction
Renaissance (14001600)
Means rebirth
Refers to the time period and the style of art
A renewed interest in Classical thinking, mythology, and art
Humanism
Philosophical approach that stressed the intellectual and physical
potential of human beings
Religion
Reformation and Counter-Reformation
Catholic and Protestant beliefs were reflected in the art of the Italian
Renaissance and the northern Renaissance
Gateways to Art: Understanding the Visual Arts, Debra J. DeWitte, Ralph M. Larmann, M. Kathryn Shields
PART 3
HISTORY AND CONTEXT
Introduction
Baroque (16001750)
Refers to the time period and the style of art
Increase in trade, advancements in science
Permanent split between Roman Catholics and Protestants
Baroque art tends to be full of motion and emotion
3.117 Map of Renaissance and Baroque Europe
3.118 Portrait of Michelangelo
from Giorgio Vasaris Lives of the
Great Artists, second edition,
1568. Engraving
PART 3
HISTORY AND CONTEXT
The Early Renaissance in Italy

Renewed interest in the Classical past
Study of mathematics and science encouraged the systematic
understanding of the world
Art was a balance of the real and ideal
Realistic depictions of three-dimensional space and perspective
Idealistic portrayal of mythological or religious subjects, and the
nude figure
The artist Giotto represents the transition between the art
of the Middle Ages and the early Renaissance (see chapter
3.2)
3.119 Arnolfo di Cambio and others,
Florence Cathedral, view from
south, begun 1296
3.120 Filippo Brunelleschi,
Dome of Florence
Cathedral, 141736
3.121 Masaccio, Tribute Money, c. 1427. Fresco, 81 197. Brancacci Chapel, Santa Maria del Carmine, Florence, Italy
PART 3
HISTORY AND CONTEXT
The High Renaissance in Italy

Beginning of the 16th century
Continued development of making art look believable

Rules of perspective
Ideal and real
Religious and mythological subject matter
Three great Italian artists dominated this period:

Leonardo da Vinci
Michelangelo
Raphael
3.122 Leonardo da Vinci, The Last Supper, c. 1497. Refectory of Santa Maria delle Grazie, Milan, Italy
3.123 Michelangelo, Detail of Creation of Adam, Sistine Chapel ceiling, 150812. Vatican City
3.124 Michelangelo, Sistine Chapel, Vatican
City, with view of Last Judgment (153441)
3.126 Michelangelo, Detail of Last
Judgment showing self-portrait in St.
Bartholomews skin, 153641. Sistine
Chapel, Vatican City
3.125 Raphael, The School of Athens, 151011. Fresco, 168 25. Stanza della Segnatura, Vatican City
PART 3
HISTORY AND CONTEXT
The Renaissance in Northern Europe

Northern European countries we now know as the
Netherlands, Germany, France, and Belgium
During the fifteenth century, artists in northern Europe:

Continued using methods established in the Middle Ages
Those used for illuminated manuscripts (see chapter 3.2)
Paid careful attention to texture and fine detail
Developed oil painting techniques
Depicted everyday objects with religious symbolism
Were considered the finest artists in Europe at the time
3.127a Jan van Eyck, Analysis of The Arnolfini Portrait, 1434. Oil on panel, 32 23. National Gallery, London
3.127b Detail of Jan van Eyck, The Arnolfini Portrait
3.128 Pieter Bruegel the Elder, Netherlandish Proverbs, 1559. Oil on oak, 310 52. Gemldegalerie, Staatliche Museen, Berlin,
Germany
3.129a Detail from Pieter
Bruegel the Elder,
Netherlandish Proverbs,
illustrating the proverb the
world turned upside down
3.129b Detail from Pieter Bruegel
the Elder, Netherlandish Proverbs,
illustrating the proverb beating his
head against a wall
3.129c Detail from Pieter Bruegel
the Elder, Netherlandish
Proverbs, illustrating two women
gossiping: the proverb one winds
the distaff, the other spins it
3.130 Matthias Grnewald, Isenheim Altarpiece (closed), c. 151015. Oil on panel, center panel: Crucifixion, 89 10; predella:
Lamentation, 29 111; side panels: Saints Sebastian and Anthony 76 29 each, Muse dUnterlinden, Colmar, France
3.131 Albrecht Drer, The Last Supper, 1523. Woodcut, 8 11. British Museum, London, England
PART 3
HISTORY AND CONTEXT
Late Renaissance and Mannerism

c. 15301600
A time of historical upheaval
1527 Sack of Rome
1530 Charles V crowned Holy Roman Emperor
Late Renaissance art

A reaction to the high Renaissance
Dissonance instead of harmony
Distortion rather than precision
Mannerism
From the Italian di maniera, which means charm, grace
Exaggeration for emotional effect
3.132 Sofonisba Anguissola, Portrait of the Artists Sisters Playing Chess, 1555. Oil on canvas, 28 38. National Museum,
Pozna, Poland
3.133 Paolo Veronese, Christ in the House of Levi, 1573. Oil on canvas, 73 168. Galleria dellAccademia, Venice, Italy
3.134 Tintoretto,The Last Supper, 15924. Oil on canvas, 1111 187. San Giorgio Maggiore, Venice, Italy
3.135 Jacopo da Pontormo,
Deposition, 15258. Oil on
wood, 123 75.
Capponi Chapel, Santa
Felicita, Florence, Italy
3.136 El Greco, Laocon, c. 1610/14. Oil on canvas, 54 68. National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.
3.137 Donatello, David, c. 1430. Bronze,
52 high. Museo Nazionale del Bargello,
Florence, Italy
3.138 Michelangelo, David, 15014.
Marble, 142 high. Galleria
dellAccademia, Florence, Italy
3.139 Gianlorenzo Bernini,
David, 1623. Marble, 57 high.
Galleria Borghese, Rome, Italy
PART 3
HISTORY AND CONTEXT
The Baroque
Time of exploration and discovery
Theory that the sun was the center of the universe now accepted
Religion
Post-Reformation
Warfare
Battles throughout Europe
Artwork characteristics:
Emphasis on light
Diversity of approaches
Dramatic movement and theatrical compositions
3.142 Caravaggio, Judith Decapitating Holofernes, 1599. Oil on canvas, 49 64. Galleria Nazionale dArte Antica, Rome, Italy
3.143 Artemisia Gentileschi, Judith Decapitating Holofernes, c. 1620. Oil on canvas, 66 53. Uffizi Gallery, Florence, Italy
3.140 Nicolas Poussin, The Funeral of Phocion, 1648. Oil on canvas, 44 68. National Museum of Wales, Cardiff
3.141 Peter Paul Rubens, center
panel from The Raising of the Cross,
161011. Oil on canvas, 51
111. Cathedral of Our Lady,
Antwerp, Belgium
3.144 Rembrandt van Rijn, The Company of Frans Banning Cocq and Willem van Ruytenburch (The Night Watch), 1642. Oil on
canvas, 1111 144. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, Netherlands
PART 3 The following videos will show you more about the art and
HISTORY AND CONTEXT architecture of the Renaissance and the Baroque:
St. Peters Basilica and the Sistine Chapel
Click the image above to launch the video

PART 3
HISTORY AND CONTEXT Gianlorenzo Bernini: The Ecstasy of St.
Teresa

PART 3
HISTORY AND CONTEXT
Sandro Botticelli: The Birth of Venus

PART 3
HISTORY AND CONTEXT
Diego Velzquez: Las Meninas

PART 3
HISTORY AND CONTEXT
Discussion Question
1. Find two examples of artwork in this chapter in which
linear perspective plays an important part. Point out the
parts of the composition that use linear perspective to
create the desired illusion. Discuss what the artist wants to
communicate by using linear perspective.
Gateways to Art: Understanding the Visual Arts, Debra J. DeWitte, Ralph M. Larmann, M. Kathryn Shields Copyright 2011 Thames & Hudson
PART 3
HISTORY AND CONTEXT
Discussion Question
2. From this chapter choose a northern Renaissance artwork
and an Italian Renaissance work. List the prominent
characteristics of each. Include information about both
the form and the content of the artworks in your lists.
PART 3
HISTORY AND CONTEXT
Discussion Question
3. Select three artworks that deal with subject matter from
the Bible. Consider how they portray their biblical
themes: examine style, medium and technique, content,
and any other aspects that the artist emphasizes. You
might choose works from this chapter, or elsewhere in the
textbook. For example: 1.70, 2.148, 4.163.
PART 3
HISTORY AND CONTEXT
Discussion Question
4. Select a Renaissance work and a Baroque work from this
chapter. List their similarities and differences. Consider
their subject matter, style, content, and emotional impact.
PART 3
HISTORY AND CONTEXT
Discussion Question
5. Select three Renaissance artworks that draw on the
artistic and intellectual heritage of Classical Greece and
Rome. Make a list of the ways in which they use the
Classical past. Make another list of any Renaissance
innovations, either in terms of form or content. You might
choose one work from another chapter in the textbook, for
example: 4.133, 4.136.
PART 3
HISTORY AND CONTEXT
This concludes the PowerPoint slide set for Chapter 3.6
Gateways to Art: Understanding the Visual Arts

By Debra J. DeWitte, Ralph M. Larmann, M. Kathryn Shields
Copyright 2011 Thames & Hudson
PowerPoints developed by CreativeMyndz Multimedia Studios

PART 3
HISTORY AND CONTEXT
Picture Credits for Chapter 3.6

3.117 Drazen Tomic
3.118 From Vasari, G., Lives of the Great Artists, 1568
3.119 Michael S. Yamashita/Corbis
3.120 Libreria dello Stato, Rome
3.121 Brancacci Chapel, Church of Santa Maria del Carmine, Florence
3.122 Refectory of Sta Maria delle Grazie, Milan
3.123, 3.124 Vatican Museums, Rome
3.125 Stanza della Segnatura, Vatican Museums, Rome
3.126 Vatican Museums, Rome
3.127a, 3.127b National Gallery, London/Scala, Florence
3.128, 3.129a, 3.129b, 3.129c Gemldegalerie, Staatliche Museen, Berlin
3.130 Muse dUnterlinden, Colmar
3.131 British Museum, London
3.132 Museum Narodowe, Poznan/Bridgeman Art Library
3.133 Galleria dellAccademia, Venice
3.134 Cameraphoto/Scala, Florence
3.135 Capponi Chapel, Church of Santa Felicit, Florence
3.136 National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C., Samuel H. Kress Collection, 1946.18.1
3.137 Photo Scala, Florence, courtesy Ministero Beni e Att. Culturali
3.138 nagelestock.com/Alamy
3.139 Photo Scala, Florence, courtesy Ministero Beni e Att. Culturali
3.140 The Earl of Plymouth. On loan to the National Museum of Wales, Cardiff
3.141 Royal Institute for the Study and Conservation of Belgiums Artistic Heritage
3.142 Galleria Nazionale dArte Antica, Rome
3.143 Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence
3.144 Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam
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PART 3

HISTORY AND CONTEXT

Copyright 2011 Thames & Hudson

The Early Renaissance in Italy

The High Renaissance in Italy

Continued development of making art look believable

Three great Italian artists dominated this period:

The Renaissance in Northern Europe

During the fifteenth century, artists in northern Europe:

Late Renaissance and Mannerism

Late Renaissance art

Click the image above to launch the video

Click the image above to launch the video

Click the image above to launch the video

Click the image above to launch the video

This concludes the PowerPoint slide set for Chapter 3.6

Gateways to Art: Understanding the Visual Arts

Copyright 2011 Thames & Hudson

PowerPoints developed by CreativeMyndz Multimedia Studios

Picture Credits for Chapter 3.6

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