I.C.

T GROUP WORK
GROUP MEMBERS:
KEVON SMITH 160095

GAREY PALMER
KERISHA POWELL
 WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF OPERATING
SYSTEM

Device Drivers

Kernel

User interface

System Utilities
 MAIN COMPONENT OF AND OPERATING
SYSTEM AND THEIR FUNCTION
A device driver is a program that controls a particular type of device
that is attached to your computer. There are device drivers for printers,
displays, CD-ROM readers, diskette drives, and so on.
 The kernel is a computer program that is the core of a computer's
operating system, with complete control over everything in the
system.[1] On most systems, it is one of the first programs loaded on
start-up (after the bootloader)
 In information technology, the user interface (UI) is
everything designed into an information device with which
a person may interact. This can include display screens,
keyboards, a mouse and the appearance of a desktop. It is
also the way through which a user interacts with an
application or a website.
 System utilities are the core software functions that allow you to
manage your computer in ways that you would find it inconceivable to
be without. System utilities may be already included in your computer
or downloaded from the Internet. No matter where you look, you can
always find plenty of system utility programs at little or no cost.
 DEFINE THE COMMON TERMS ASSOCIATED
WITH AN OPERATING SYSTEM
1. cache: In computer science, a cache is a component that
transparently stores data so that future requests for that data
can be served faster. The data that is stored within a cache
might be values that have been computed earlier or duplicates
of original values that are stored elsewhere.
2.Booting- Booting is a startup sequence that starts the
operating system of a computer when it is turned on. A
boot sequence is the initial set of operations that the
computer performs when it is switched on. Every
computer has a boot sequence.
3. Kernel: A kernel is the central part of an
operating system. It manages the operations of the
computer and the hardware most notably memory
and CPU .
 OUTLINE HOW AN OPERATING SYSTEM IS LOADED
FOR FUNCTIONALITY OF AN OPERATING SYSTEM

The operating system's job is to help other computer programs to

work by handling the messy details of controlling the computer's
hardware.
 THE PROCESS OF BRINGING UP THE OPERATING
SYSTEM IS CALLED BOOTING. THE STEPS IN
BOOTING ARE:
Power On. the first step of the process is the power-on step,
which is typically initiated by the user. As power is applied, the
CPU executes code in read-only memory (ROM), located on the
motherboard.
 POST- After executing the ROM routines, the system executes
a Power-On Self Test (POST) routine, which ensures all
hardware is operational and ready to go. This includes checking
memory and hard drives. Once the POST is finished, the system
looks for the first device in the boot order list
 Load BIOS- The system looks for an active device in the boot device list, starting at the
top. When it finds an available device, it loads the Basic Input/Output System (BIOS) from
the device. The BIOS provides information on basic communications with peripheral
devices, and communications on the motherboard itself.
 Load the Operating System- After ensuring the hardware is
functional and loading the BIOS, the computer proceeds to load
the operating system into memory.
 Transfer Control to the OS- Once the OS is loaded, the boot process
turns control over to it, and any OS-specific startup applications are
executed by the OS. These startup routines vary from one user to
another, based on the user's preferences and desired configuration. When
the startup applications complete, your computer is ready to use
 What are some of the significant trends in operating systems design, especially as it relates to
user interface?

Since user Interface (UI) is defined as a series of screen, pages and visual elements like buttons and icons that
you use to interact with a device. The explanation is not exactly comprehensive though. Examples of trends
includes:

Diffused Backgrounds

Visualization is as important as effective and easily readable content. Integrating diffused images as the
background will make the design more appealing and enhance effective visual contents.
Material Design
A couple of years back Google announced Material Design, at its annual I/O conference. Unlike
real paper, Googles digital material can expand and reform intelligently. Material has physical
surfaces and edges. Seams and shadows provide meaning about what we can touch. Material
design came with new improved elements such as Material Theme, Lists and Cards, Shadows and
Drawables,
Animations and Motions
The improved animations and motions of applications along with their transitions have grown so
far and maintained an important position while defining UI and UX. 2D animation and
cinemagraphs brought ordinary pictures and illustrations to life. It is a hybrid of motion and stills
and was able to easily catch the attention of uses without much distraction.
Gestures
Gestures always simplify the user experience, creating shortcuts for users and delighting
them. Apples 3D touch takes gestures to a higher level, as they can detect the amount of
pressure on the screen and translate that into a gesture.

Color Schemes
Now, simple colors and soft contracts are being replaced by new color palettes focusing
on both dark and light color backgrounds.
Social Media Buttons
Integration of social media buttons with mobile app will enable users to login or sign up using the
social media platform of their choice, minimizing the effort and making us to get in with a clicks
span. Since 2014, the prominence of Social media buttons inside applications has been remarkable
and is all set for its survival in future apps.

Compare general purpose and dedicated operating systems

General-purpose operating systems impose overhead on the applications they support due to
unneeded services. Although dedicated operating systems overcome this issue, they are difficult to
develop or adapt.