Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Part 1
Ultrasonic Testing
Bottom / Backwall
Copyright 2004 WI Ltd
Copyright 2004 WI Ltd
Basic Principles of Ultrasonic Testing
The presence of a Defect in the material shows up on the screen of
the flaw detector with a less distance than the bottom of the material
Defect
60 mm
30 46 68
The thickness is read from the screen
Principles of Sound
5 M Hz
Glass
High Frequency
5 K Hz
DRUM BEAT
Low Frequency Sound
40 Hz
What is Ultrasonic?
Very High Frequency sound above 20 KHz
20,000 cps
20 KHz = 20 000 Hz
5 M Hz = 5 000 000 Hz
The distance
taken to
wavelength complete one
cycle
V
f
Frequency
1 M Hz 5 M Hz 10 M Hz 25 M Hz
LONGEST SMALLEST
=v/f
F F
Which probe has the smallest wavelength?
5,900,000
1.18mm
5,000,000
Copyright 2004 WI Ltd
Which of the following compressional
probe has the highest sensitivity?
1 MHz
2 MHz
5 MHz
10 MHz
10 MHz
NZ FZ Main
Beam
Intensity
varies
Exponential Decay
Near
Side Lobes
Zone
The main beam or the centre
beam has the highest
intensity of sound energy
2
D
Near Zone
4
V
f
2
D f
Near Zone
4V
Copyright 2004 WI Ltd
Near Zone
What is the near zone length of a 5MHz
compression probe with a crystal diameter
of 10mm in steel?
2
D f
Near Zone
4V
10 5,000,000
2
4 5,920,000
21.1mm
Copyright 2004 WI Ltd
Near Zone
2 2
D D f
Near Zone
4 4V
The bigger the diameter the bigger the
near zone
The higher the frequency the bigger the
near zone
The lower the velocity the bigger the near
zone
Should large diameter crystal probes have a high
or low frequency?
Copyright 2004 WI Ltd
Which of the above probes has the longest Near Zone ?
1 M Hz
5 M Hz
1 M Hz 5 M Hz
/2
K KV
Sine or
2 D Df
Copyright 2004 WI Ltd
Beam Spread
K KV
Sine or
2 D Df
Edge,K=1.22
20dB,K=1.08
6dB,K=0.56
Beam axis
or Main Beam
KV
Sine
2 Df
1.08 5920
5000 10
0.1278 7.35 o
1 M Hz
5 M Hz
1 M Hz 5 M Hz