Deforming the Earths

Crust
 Types of Stress
Deformation: When the shape of
a rock changes due to stress
1. Compression = squeezing or
pushing together (convergent
boundaries)
2. Tension = forces stretch an object
(divergent boundaries)
3. Shearing = slicing motion back and
forth (transform boundaries)
 Types of Folding
Folding: rock layers bending because of
stress
1. Anticline = upward bend
2. Syncline = downward bend
3. Monocline = bend with horizontal ends
 Types of Faulting
Fault: the surface along which rocks break
and slide past each other
Hanging wall: the layers of rock ABOVE
the fault line (above the diagonal)
Footwall: the layers of rock BELOW the
fault line (below the diagonal)
HANGING
WALL
FOOTWALL
 Hanging Wall and Footwall
How can I remember which is which???
 Types of Faults
Normal Faults = the hanging wall
slides down the foot wall

Reverse Fault = the hanging wall

slides up the foot wall

Strike slip Fault = the rocks on

either side of the fault line slide
past each other

Its Normal to Hang Down.

 Folded Mountains
COMPRESSIONmountains formed at
continental/continental convergent
boundaries.
Ex. Appalachian Mountains
Appalachian Mtns.

COMPRESSION
 Fault Block Mountains
TENSIONcauses large blocks of the
Earths crust to drop down compared to
the rocks around it.
Ex. Tetons (Wyoming)

TENSION
 Volcanic Mountains
Formed at Ocean/Continental and
Ocean/Ocean Convergent boundaries.
Ex. Ring of Fire

Ring of Fire

Mount Saint Helens

 Youve seen this before!...

NORMAL
FAULT

ANTICLINE SYNCLINE