Professional Documents
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Engine
Vehicle Systems and components
The engine:
This power is ignited by exploding
gas inside cylinders which drives
pistons up and down, through
connecting rods. Inside the pistons
a mixture of compressed air and
gas is delivered to the cylinders by
a carburetor and intake manifold or
a fuel injection system.
The moving parts of the engine must
be lubricated. Oil which accumulates
in your engines oil pan is pumped by
the oil pump through an oil filter and
then through tubes that deliver the oil
Oil and Oil Filter
to the moving parts to be lubricated.
Vehicle Systems and components
Muffler
The exhaust system:
After gas is exploded in one of
Exhaust Pipes
the cylinders it is released into
an exhaust manifold which
collects it and passes it to a
catalytic converter which
chemically reduces the
quantity of harmful pollutants.
The gases are then passed by
exhaust pipes through a muffler Keep your exhaust system in
and resonator which reduce the good working
Question: Whatorder
is theby noticing
name of the
noise. changes in noise, fumes, and
system that removes the emission
The gasses are then moved to the rattling.
gases These allenvironment?
into the signal problems.
tailpipe which vents the hot air Eventually all vehicles need
replacement exhaust components.
away from the vehicle.
The radiator is cooled by
Vehicle Systems and components a fan, and most have a
recovery tank to capture
The cooling system: coolant as it expands due
to the heat, and returns it to
Heat caused by the friction of moving
the radiator when it cools.
engine parts and the explosion of
gasoline is removed through the
vehicles cooling system.
In this system, heat is absorbed by
coolant flowing through passages
inside the engine. The coolant is a Radiator
mixture of water and chemicals that
protect the cooling system from This coolant also allows
corrosion, lubricate the water pump, your engine to heat up
Question: What is the name of
and prevent freezing. to
theits proper
system operating
that prevents the
It is stored in the radiator which temperature
engine from and is
overheating?
transfers the heat to the outside controlled by a heat sensing
environment. valve called a thermostat.
Vehicle Systems and components
Electricity is distributed
throughout your vehicle by
The electrical system: various electrical circuits for
The battery is your vehicles primary lighting, computers, radio,
source of electrical power. When you interior cooling, heating, etc.
turn on your ignition switch to start
your car, electricity is used to close
another switch called a solenoid that
transmits the large amount of current
needed to turn the starter motor.
Once your engine is running, power
is generated by the alternator, which These circuits have fuses
also keeps your battery charged. to disable a circuit that is
Then there is a voltage regulator, Question:
drawingWhat is the name
too much of
current
distributor, and coil which controls theso
system
as tothat startsathe
prevent firemotor?
and
the amount of electricity needed by protect the components
the spark plugs. that the circuit serves.
When you turn the
Vehicle Systems and components steering wheel in a
power steering system,
the hydraulic fluid is
The steering system: compressed inside
A vehicles steering wheel is attached to a a cylinder.
steering column or shaft which terminates
in the steering box. Inside the steering
box, the turning motion of the column is
translated into lateral motion which is
passed on to the wheels through a series
of components which include ball joints,
the steering arm, and steering knuckle.
In power steering systems, turning the
steering wheel actuates a hydraulic
system which amplifies the force This compressed fluid
necessary to rotate and move the
is then transmitted by
linkages leading to the wheels.
Question: Whatlines
hydraulic is thetoname of
a piston
With power steering there should be no
the system
which that makes
amplifies it
the force
free play in the wheel.
possible
making ittoeasier
turn thetocar?
turn
the wheels.
There are are different
designs for suspension
Vehicle Systems and components systems involving various
linkages, struts, joints,
torsion bars, and so on.
The suspension system:
The purpose of your vehicles
suspension system is to connect
the wheels to the frame and body
and keep the movement of your
wheels from being transmitted
fully to the body of the vehicle.
This allows you to maintain
control of the car in turns, when Coil Springs and Shock Absorbers
you hit potholes, and on rough
roads. It makes riding in the car
more comfortable.
Question: What is the name of
As the up and down movement of your wheels is absorbed
the system by ease
that helps the
springs in your suspension system, yourthe
shock absorbers
jarring keep
effect of potholes?
the springs from continuing to bounce.
Vehicle Systems and components
When you press your brake pedal, a piston in your master cylinder
forces the brake fluid through the hydraulic lines to pistons in the
wheel cylinders at the wheels where additional pistons provide the
force to apply your brakes.
Vehicle Systems and components Your parking brake uses
a cable to engage the
The braking system: brakes or clamp down
There are two types of brakes: on the drive shaft, and
(a) drum brakes and (b) disc brakes will function even if your
Drum brakes slow your vehicle by service brakes fail.
the friction of a brake shoe pushing
against the drum which is rotating with
the wheel.
Disc brakes slow your car by the
friction of a caliper pressing against a
disc which is rotating with the wheel.
Both drum and disc brakes convert friction force to heat and if the
brakes get too hot, they cease to work because they cannot dissipate
enough heat.
For both types of brakes, your stopping time is roughly proportional
to the square of your speed. So, if you double your speed you
increase your stopping distance by four times!
The purpose of the antilock braking
system is to prevent the brakes
Vehicle Systems and components
from locking by first sensing that
The braking system: they are locking then automatically,
rapidly releasing and applying
Brakes will only slow your car while
there is friction between the moving pressure. If you do not have
parts of your brakes. antilock brakes, you can avoid
If the wheels are locked as in the having your brakes lock manually,
case of a skid, the drums or discs rapidly releasing and then reapplying
are not moving and there will be no pressure to your brake pedal.
friction.
With ABS: wheels do not lock upyou have steering control.
Lets now
consider
driver
controls
Driver Controls:
The next several slides presents the most common driver
controls used in modern passenger vehicles. You should go into
your vehicle, identify them, know where they are typically
located, and what their purpose is. It is important to know their
location so as not to be distracted looking for them when driving.
Driver Controls:
Driver Controls:
Item Typical Location Purpose Comments
Driver Controls:
Item Typical Location Purpose Comments
Driver Controls:
Item Typical Location Purpose Comments
Driver Controls:
Item Typical Location Purpose Comments
Driver Controls:
Item Typical Location Purpose Comments
Driver Controls:
Item Typical Location Purpose Comments
Driver Controls:
Item Typical Location Purpose Comments
Driver Controls:
Item Typical Location Purpose Comments
Indicator Lights, Chimes, and Gauges:
Item Typical Location Purpose Comments
Indicator Lights, Chimes, and Gauges:
Item Typical Location Purpose Comments
Indicator Lights, Chimes, and Gauges:
Item Typical Location Purpose Comments
Indicator Lights, Chimes, and Gauges:
Item Typical Location Purpose Comments
Indicator Lights, Chimes, and Gauges:
Item Typical Location Purpose Comments
Indicator Lights, Chimes, and Gauges:
Item Typical Location Purpose Comments
Vehicle Systems and components
Lets review . . .
As the sun begins to set, dont forget to:
_______________________
In rainy weather you must
use your __________.
The purpose of
backup lights is to:
(a) help avoid
collisions while you
are backing up at
night by improving
visibility, and (b) alert
others to the fact that
you are backing up or
about to back up.
Comfort Devices
- electric seat adjusters (some with memory)
- electric mirror adjusters
- electric lumbar adjuster
- electric pedal adjustment
Walk around
vehicle checking
that nothing or
no one is
nearby.
15) This instrument panel light or gauge will warn your that
your lubrication resources are running low: _____________
16) If your battery or alternator light comes on, or the gauge
needle moves to the L (for low), this means that the cars
___________is not being charged.
17) True or False: You must have headlights on in the rain.
_________
18) If you have a car breakdown be sure you put on your
________________.
19) How can you let an on-coming driver know that their
high beam headlights are on? _______________________
20) When you see a vehicle with white rear lights on, the
driver has shifted to _______________.
21) True or False: It is illegal to have a TV set other video
device in view of the driver ________
22) True or False: Three mirrors are required on all vehicles.
The inside, and both outside mirrors. __________________
23) True or False: Peeling out or spinning your wheels for a
fast start can result in a exhibition of speed citation. ______
Vehicle Components and Systems
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