Sasanthy Kusumaningtyas

FKUI
 Organisasi anatomi
muskuloskeletal

Rangka Otot

Tulang
Tulang Sendi Ligamen
rawan
Posisi tubuh
Bidang dan arah
Istilah gerak
 ORIENTASI TUBUH

Source: Hamill Biomechanical Basis of Human

Movement. 3rd ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
ORIENTASI TUBUH
BIDANG DAN SUMBU
TUBUH

Source: Hamill Biomechanical Basis of Human Movement. 3rd ed.

Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
 ORIENTASI TUBUH

Source: Hamill Biomechanical Basis of Human Movement. 3rd ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
KLASIFIKASI TULANG

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings.2012
 RANGKA
Aksial
Apendikular

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon

Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin
Cummings. 2012
 RANGKA AKSIAL: TENGKORAK

NEUROCRANIUM

SPLANCHNOCRANIUM Calvaria
Basis cranii
Source: www.visiblebody.com
 RANGKA AKSIAL: TENGKORAK

Calvaria
Source: www.visiblebody.com
 RANGKA AKSIAL: TENGKORAK

Basis cranii
Source: www.visiblebody.com
 RANGKA AKSIAL: TENGKORAK

Source: www.visiblebody.com SPLANCHNOCRANIUM

RANGKA AKSIAL: TENGKORAK

Sinus paranasalis
Sinus maxillaris
Sinus frontalis
Sinus sphenoidales
Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon
Sinus ethmoidales Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin
Cummings. 2012
 Hyoid

Tidak bersendi tulang

apapun
Dihubungkan dengan
processus styloideus os
temporal melalui ligamen

Source: www.anatronica.com
RANGKA AKSIAL: VERTEBRAE
STRUKTUR UMUM
RANGKA AKSIAL: VERTEBRAE

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady

Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6
th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings.
2012
RANGKA AKSIAL: VERTEBRAE
 RANGKA AKSIAL:
COLUMNA VERTEBRAE
Lengkung normal
vertebrae:
Lengkung primer:
Kyphosis thoracalis
Kyphosis sacralis
Lengkung sekunder:
Lordosis cervical
Lordosis lumbal

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon

Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin
Cummings. 2012
RANGKA AKSIAL: COLUMNA
VERTEBRAE

Cervical lordosis Lumbar lordosis

Source: Van De Graaff. Human
Anatomy. 6th ed. McGraw Hill.2001
 RANGKA AKSIAL: COLUMNA
VERTEBRAE

Lig.longitudinale anterior
Lig.supraspinosus
Discus
intervertebralis

Lig.longitudinale anterior

Lig.interspinosus
Lig.flavum
Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon
Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin
Cummings. 2012
RANGKA AKSIAL: SACRUM DAN
COCCYGIS

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon

Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin
Cummings. 2012
 RANGKA AKSIAL:
THORAX

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon

Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin
Cummings. 2012
 Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady
Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th
ed media update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012
 RANGKA
APENDIKULAR

TULANG-
GELANG GELANG
TULANG
BAHU PANGGUL
EKSTREMITAS

Humerus Femur Clavicula Coxae

Radius Tibia Scapula
Ulna Fibula
Carpales Tarsales
Metacarpales Metatarsales
phalanges Phalanges
Regio:
Brachii
Antebrachii
Manus

Sendi:
Membrana interossea
Art. humeri antebrachii
Art. cubiti
Art. radiocarpea

Sumber: Moore & Agur. Essential Clinical

Anatomy. 3rd ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
2007.
RANGKA APENDIKULAR: EKSTREMITAS
ATAS

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon

Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin
Cummings. 2012
 RANGKA
APENDIKULAR

TULANG-
GELANG GELANG
TULANG
BAHU PANGGUL
EKSTREMITAS

Humerus Femur Clavicula Coxae

Radius Tibia Scapula
Ulna Fibula
Carpales Tarsales
Metacarpales Metatarsales
phalanges Phalanges
 GELANG PANGGUL

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon

Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin
Cummings. 2012
GELANG PANGGUL

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media
update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012
 Perbedaan
panggul pria
dan wanita

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady

Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th
ed media update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012
TULANG
EKSTREMITAS
BAWAH

Regio:
Femoris
Cruris
Pedis

Sendi:
Art. coxae
Art. genu
Art. talocrural Membrana
interossea cruris
Sumber: Moore & Agur. Essential Clinical
Anatomy. 3rd ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
2007.
TULANG EKSTREMITAS BAWAH

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media
update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012
TULANG EKSTREMITAS BAWAH
Lengkung kaki

Sumber: Moore & Agur. Essential Clinical Anatomy. 3rd ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2007.
 TULANG EKSTREMITAS BAWAH
Lengkung kaki
Diperkuat oleh bentuk tulang, ligamen dan otot
disekitarnya.

Sumber: Moore & Agur. Essential Clinical Anatomy. 3rd

ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2007.
 Organisasi anatomi
muskuloskeletal

Kontrol
Rangka Otot
saraf

Tulang
Tulang Sendi Ligamen
rawan
 SENDI (articulationes)
Klasifikasi: berdasarkan struktur dan fungsi

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon

Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin
Cummings. 2012
 SENDI

Sendi fibrosa Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon
Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update.
 SENDI
Sendi kartilaginosa

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin
Cummings. 2012
 SENDI

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon

Sendi synovial Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin
Cummings. 2012
 SENDI SYNOVIAL
Sendi synovial mendapat suplai darah dan
persarafan dari berbagai area disekitar sendi.
Struktur khusus:
Meniscus (discus articularis):
Art.temporomandibularis, art.genu,
Bursae dan vagina tendinum:
Art.cubiti
 SENDI SYNOVIAL
Articulatio humeri

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012
SENDI SYNOVIAL
Articulatio humeri

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media
update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012
Articulatio cubiti
 Articulatio radiocarpal
dan intercarpal

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media
update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012
Enarthrosis spheroidea

Articulatio Source; Elaine N Marieb,

coxae Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon

Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th
ed media update. Benjamin
Cummings. 2012
ARTICULATIO GENU

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media
update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012
ARTICULATIO GENU
 ARTICULATIO GENU

lig.cruciatum anterior
(PCL)

lig.collaterale lateral/ lig.collaterale medial/

fibulare tibiale

lig.cruciatum anterior
(ACL)

Source; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RTV5Yo3E7VQ
PERGELANGAN KAKI

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady

Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6
th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings.
2012
Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media
update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012
 PERGELANGAN KAKI
Art.talocruralis (tibiofibular & tibiotalar)
 SENDI SYNOVIAL BERDASARKAN TIPE
DAN GERAKNYA
TIPE SENDI SYNOVIAL:
Art. arthrodial (plane joint)
Art. ginglymus (hinge joint)
Art.trochoidea (pivot joint)
Art.condyloidea/art.ellipsoaidal/art.ovoidea
(condyloid joint)
Art.sellaris (saddle joint)
Art.spheroidalis/globoidea (ball and socket joint)
 SENDI SYNOVIAL BERDASARKAN TIPE
DAN GERAKNYA
GERAK SENDI SYNOVIAL:
Nonaxial
Uniaxial
Multiaxial
Gerak sendi selalu tegak lurus terhadap
sumbu.
SENDI SYNOVIAL BERDASARKAN
TIPE DAN GERAKNYA

(arthrodial)

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon

Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin
Cummings. 2012
SENDI SYNOVIAL BERDASARKAN TIPENYA
Uniaxial

(ginglymus)

(trochoid)
Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012
SENDI SYNOVIAL BERDASARKAN TIPENYA

Source; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NM80_gTlslU
SENDI SYNOVIAL BERDASARKAN TIPENYA
Biaxial

(ovoid, ellipsoidal)

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media
(sellar) update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012
 Biaxial

Art.talocruralis (tibiofibular & tibiotalar)

Fungsi:
Stabilitas
Weight bearing

Art.talocruralis
(tibiotalar)

Art.subtalar
(talocalcaneus)

Source: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0R4zRSE_-40
 SENDI SYNOVIAL BERDASARKAN TIPENYA
Multiaxial

(spheroidal, globoidea)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Cw9fxVdXwg
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gQnMPHoDGEc

Source: Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012
 Organisasi anatomi
muskuloskeletal

Rangka Otot

Tulang
Tulang Sendi Ligamen
rawan
Posisi tubuh
Bidang dan arah
Istilah gerak
 OTOT RANGKA
Fungsi utama otot dalam gerakan:
Menghasilkan gerak
Memelihara postur dan posisi tubuh
Stabilisasi sendi

terdapat sekitar 600 otot pada tubuh manusia,

hanya 70-80 pasang yang berfungsi sebegai
penggerak utama
 OTOT RANGKA
Penamaan otot berdasarkan:
Lokasi : brachialis
Bentuk : trapezius
Ukuran: maximus, minimus, brevis, longus gluteus
maximus
Arah serabut otot: rectus femoris, obliquus abdominis
internus
Perlekatannya: brachioradialis
Jumlah origo: biceps (2 heads), triceps (3 heads)
Gerak: flexor, extensor, abductor, adductor
o M.extensor carpi radialis longus ;m.biceps brachii
caput longum; m.biceps femoris caput longum
 OTOT RANGKA
Otot menempati kompartemen tertentu:
o Pengelompokan berdasarkan gerak dan dipersarafi oleh saraf
tepi yang sama. Contoh: kompartemen medial pada tungkai
atas berisi otot-otot aduktor yang dipersarafi oleh
n.obturatorius.
Fungsi gerak:
o Otot-otot ekspresi wajah
o Otot-otot penggerak ekstremitas (fleksor, ekstensor, aduktor,
abduktor, rorator)
o Otot-otot respirasi
o Otot-otot abdominal
 PERLEKATAN OTOT RANGKA
Ujung otot melekat pada tulang secara langsung maupun melalui
perantara jaringan ikat.
Origo: perlekatan tulang dengan otot stabil
Insersio: perlekatan tulang dengan
otot atau perantaranya tidak stabil origin

insertion
Source: Joseph Hamill. Biomechanical basis of human movement. 3Rd ed. Lippincott
Williams & Wilkins. 2009.
 OTOT-OTOT PUNGGUNG

Gerak Gerak
bahu scapula
 OTOT-OTOT PUNGGUNG

Gerak columna
vertebralis
 OTOT-OTOT PENGGERAK SENDI BAHU
DAN SCAPULA

PENGGERAK SCAPULA:
Kelompok otot-otot punggung lapis superfisial
(m.trapezius, m.rhomboid, m.levator scapulae)
Kelompok otot-otot anterior thorax (m.serratus
anterior, m.pectoralis minor)
Kelompok otot-otot scapular (m.subscapularis,
m.supraspinatus, m.infraspinatus, m.teres minor)
OTOT-OTOT ROTATOR CUFF (m.supraspinatus,
m.subscapularis, m.infraspinatus, m.teres minor)
fiksasi sendi bahu bagian posterior
 OTOT-OTOT PENGGERAK SENDI BAHU
DAN SCAPULA
Gerak scapula

Gerak sendi bahu

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media
update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012
OTOT-OTOT PENGGERAK SENDI BAHU
DAN SCAPULA

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media
update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012
 OTOT-OTOT PENGGERAK SENDI BAHU
DAN SCAPULA

Deltoid

Latissimus dorsi

Gerak scapula

Gerak sendi bahu

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media
update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012
 OTOT
EKSTREMITAS
ATAS

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin
Cummings. 2012
 OTOT
EKSTREMITAS
ATAS

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media
update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012
 OTOT-OTOT PENGGERAK SENDI SIKU
Art.humeroulnaris:
Kompartemen anterior lengan atas: kelompok
otot-otot fleksor
Otot-otot kompartemen posterior lengan atas:
kelompok otot-otot ekstensor
Art.radioulnaris:
Otot-otot pronator: m.pronator quadratus,
m.pronator teres,
Otot otot supinator: m.supinator, m.biceps
brachii
OTOT-OTOT PENGGERAK SENDI SIKU
 OTOT-OTOT PENGGERAK
PERGELANGAN TANGAN DAN JARI-JARI

Kompartemen anterior: kelompok otot-otot

fleksor.
Kompartemen posterior: kelompok otot-otot
ekstensor.
OTOT-OTOT PENGGERAK PERGELANGAN
TANGAN DAN JARI: aspek anterior

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media
update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012
OTOT-OTOT
PENGGERAK
PERGELANGAN
TANGAN DAN JARI:
aspek posterior

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human
Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012
OTOT-OTOT TELAPAK TANGAN

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media
update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012
 OTOT-OTOT TELAPAK TANGAN

Otot-otot aduktor Otot-otot abduktor

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media
update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012
 Carpal tunnel

Sumber: Moore & Agur. Essential Clinical Anatomy. 3rd ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2007.
OTOT-OTOT EKSTREMITAS BAWAH

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, &

Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update.
Benjamin Cummings. 2012
OTOT-OTOT EKSTREMITAS BAWAH

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human
Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012
 OTOT-OTOT
PENGGERAK SENDI
PANGGUL

Triceps coxae:
M.gemelus superior
M.obturator internus
M.gemelus inferior
Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media
update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012
OTOT-OTOT PENGGERAK SENDI
PANGGUL
Otot
fleksor

Otot
abduktor

Otot-
otot
aduktor
 OTOT-OTOT
PENGGERAK
SENDI
PANGGUL

Otot-otot aduktor
 OTOT-OTOT PENGGERAK
SENDI LUTUT

biceps femoris

semitendinosus
hamstrings muscles

semimembranosus
Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media
update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012
 OTOT-OTOT PENGGERAK SENDI LUTUT

Rectus femoris

Vastus intermedius

vastus lateralis
vastus medialis
Mm.quadriceps
femoris

Source: Dynamic Human Anatomy 2.0

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012

Tibialis
anterior
Extensor hallucis
longus
Fibularis (peroneus) longus

Tibialis anterior

Extensor digitorum longus

Extensor hallucis longus

Fibularis (peroneus) tertius

Extensor digitorum
longus

OTOT-OTOT PENGGERAK
PERGELANGAN KAKI DAN JARI:
aspek anterior
 Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012

aspek lateral
OTOT-OTOT PENGGERAK
PERGELANGAN KAKI DAN JARI:
OTOT-OTOT PENGGERAK
PERGELANGAN KAKI DAN JARI: aspek
posterior
plantaris
gastrocnemius

soleus

Triceps surae
muscles:
M.gastrocnemius Fibularis
M.soleus (peroneus)
longus

Fibularis
(peroneus)
brevis

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, &

Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media
update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012
OTOT-OTOT PENGGERAK
PERGELANGAN KAKI DAN JARI: aspek
posterior
Tibialis
posterior
flexor
hallucis
longus

flexor
digitorum
flexor
longus
hallucis
longus

Fibularis flexor
(peroneus) digitorum
brevis longus

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady

Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6
th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings.
2012
OTOT-OTOT
KAKI

Source: Dynamic Human Anatomy 2.0

OTOT-OTOT PLANTAR

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed
media update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012
OTOT-OTOT PLANTAR

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed
media update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012
OTOT-OTOT PLANTAR

Source; Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6 th ed media update. Benjamin Cummings.2012
 Referensi
Dynamic Human Anatomy 2.0 (CD)
Hamill J, Knutzen KN. 2009. Biomechanical basis of human movement. 3rd
ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Elaine N Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, & Jon Mallat. Human Anatomy. 6th
ed media update. Benjamin Cummings. 2012
Moore KL & Agur A.M.R. Essential Clinical Anatomy. 3rd ed. Lippincott
Williams & Wilkins. 2007.
Tortora, JG & Derricson BH.2009. Priciples of anatomy and physiology.
Van De Graaff. 2001. Human Anatomy. 6th ed. McGraw-Hill Company.
Www.studentconsult.com : Richard L Drake, Wayne Vogl, Adam W.M.
Mitchell. Grays anatomy for students. Elsevier. 2007.