ECOSYSTEMS

WHATS AN ECOSYSTEM?

An ecosystem includes all of the living things

(plants, animals and organisms) in a given
area, interacting with each other, and also with
their non-living environments (weather, earth,
sun, soil, climate, atmosphere).
WHATS AN ECOSYSTEM MADE OF?

An ecosystem is made of 2 parts.

The biotope and the biocoenosis.
BIOTOPE

The biotope,or physical environment includes

all the non living things like rocks, sand or
water.
BIOCOENOSIS

The biocoenosis includes all the living things

such as plants, birds and fish.
FOOD CHAINS AND TROPHIC RELATIONSHIPS

The relation of an animal that is eaten by

other animal is called thropic relationships.
This is a food chain: Caterpillars eat plants.

Praying mantis eat the caterpilar.

Owls eat the praying mantis. The owl die and

the decomposers break down the matter.
Plant: producer Caterpilar: Primary consumer

Mantis: Secondary consumer Owl: Terciary

consumer
HOW WE CAN CLASSIFY ECOSYSTEMS?
We can classify ecosystems looking their
physical environment.
These are examples of ecosystems:
Pond
Woodland
Coast
Prairie
City
POND

Pond ecosystems are small areas of water and

their surrounding land.
Biotope: water, land, sand, etc

Biocoenosis: frogs, toads, waterlilies, etc

WOODLAND

Woodland ecosystems can be flat or hilly.

Sometimes they have mountains.
Biotope: rocks, rivers, dead leaves, etc

Biocoenosis: snakes, squirrels, ants, etc

COAST

Coast ecosystems have beaches and cliffs.

Biotope: dunes, sand, rock pools, etc

Biocoenosis: starfish, seaweed, dune grasses,

etc
PRAIRIE

Prairie ecosystems are flat areas.

Biotope: soil, rivers, lakes, etc

Biocoenosis: zebras, owls, rabbits, etc

CITY

City ecosystems can be flat or hilly, with rivers or

lakes.
Biotope: buildings, roads, etc
Biocoenosis: sparrows, pidgeons, lizards, etc
WHATS THE BIOSPHERE?
It is all the ecosystems on the Earth.
Biome: Is an ecosystem that has several types
of habitat.
Habitat: Is the place where a population lives.
WHAT CAUSES NATURAL CHANGES IN
ECOSYSTEMS?

They are caused by variations in environmental

conditions, such as seasonal changes or the
natural development ogf ecological
communities.
WHAT CONSEQUENCES DOES HUMAN ACTIVITY
HAVE IN ECOSYSTEMS?
Pollution, overfishing, forest fires and
deforestation can destroy habitats or entire
ecosystems.
BY ISAZ